Voltammetric studies and spectroscopic investigations of the interaction of an anticancer drug bevacizumab-DNA and analytical applications of disposable pencil graphite sensor

A sensitive, simple, fast electrochemical biosensor for the DNA interaction of bevacizumab (BEVA), which is used as a targeted drug in cancer treatment, was developed using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique with pencil graphite electrode (PGE). In the work, PGE was electrochemically activated in a supporting electrolyte medium of +1.4 V/60 s (PBS pH 3.0). Surface characterization of PGE was carried out by SEM, EDX, EIS, and CV techniques. Determination and electrochemical properties of BEVA were examined with CV and DPV techniques. BEVA gave a distinct analytical signal on the PGE surface at a potential of +0.90 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). In the procedure proposed in this study, BEVA gave a linear response on PGE in PBS (pH 3.0 containing 0.02 M NaCl) (0.1 mg mL−1 – 0.7 mg mL−1) with LOD and LOQ values of 0.026 mg mL−1 and 0.086 μg mL−1, respectively. BEVA was reacted with 20 μg mL−1 DNA in PBS for 150 s and analytical peak signals for adenine and guanine bases were evaluated. The interaction between BEVA-DNA was supported by UV–Vis. Absorption spectrometry and the binding constant was determined as 7.3 × 104.