Environmental comfort in urban spaces: A systematic literature review and a system dynamics analysis

Urban environments are intricate systems where the well-being of inhabitants is shaped by various interrelated factors. This study employs a combination of systematic literature review (SLR) analysis and system dynamics (SD) approach to systematically explore the multifaceted concept of environmental comfort (EC) within urban settings. By combining a comprehensive literature review with innovative SD modeling, this research uniquely examines the complex relationships between thermal comfort, human perceptions, and spatial settings. The results demonstrate that perceiving EC in terms of promoting livability and sustainability requires an integrated understanding of outdoor comfort that accounts for its systemic nature. Importantly, the study identifies significant gaps in the understanding of sensory aspects of EC, such as the outdoor soundscape and air quality, highlighting these as critical areas for future research. By adopting a holistic planning paradigm, this study provides valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers to create environments that enhance overall comfort, livability, and resilience.