Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, volume 251, issue 2, pages 275-295
Localization of platinum in low catalyst loading electrodes to to attain high power densities in SPE fuel cells
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 1988-09-01
Quartile SCImago
— Quartile WOS
—
Impact factor: —
ISSN: 00220728
General Chemistry
General Medicine
Abstract
This paper presents the results of three methods used to attain high power densities in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell systems. The objectives of these methods are to use relatively thin electrocatalytic layers in the gas diffusion electrodes and to localize further the platinum near the front surface of the electrodes to minimize activation, ohmic, and mass transport overpotentials. The three methods were: (i) use of a higher wt% Pt/C in the supported electrocatalysts (20 and 40 wt% Pt/C rather than 10); (ii) sputtering of a thin film of platinum (corresponding to a 50 nm film on a smooth surface) on the state-of-the-art Prototech electrode (10 wt% Pt/C); and (iii) a combination of the two methods, i.e., sputtering of a 50 nm film of platinum on an electrode prepared with a higher Pt/C wt ratio in the supported electrocatalyst. The optimum configuration of the electrode was found to be the one fabricated with 20 wt% Pt/C in the supported electrocatalysts onto which was sputtered a 50 nm film of platinum. At a current density of 1 A/cm2, the cell potentials were 0.600 V and 0.540 V, with H2/O2 and H2/air as reactants, at 80° C, and 3/5 atm pressure. The cyclic voltammetric technique was used to ascertain the electrochemically active surface areas of the electrodes. By use of this method, the platinum utilization of the electrode with the optimum configuration was estimated to be about 15–20%. To increase the power densities further, it is necessary to use membranes with higher specific conductivities and better water retention characteristics.
Top-30
Citations by journals
|
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
|
|
|
Journal of Power Sources
63 publications, 21.43%
|
|
|
Electrochimica Acta
32 publications, 10.88%
|
|
|
Journal of the Electrochemical Society
32 publications, 10.88%
|
|
|
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
14 publications, 4.76%
|
|
|
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
13 publications, 4.42%
|
|
|
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
10 publications, 3.4%
|
|
|
Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters
5 publications, 1.7%
|
|
|
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
5 publications, 1.7%
|
|
|
Electrochemistry Communications
4 publications, 1.36%
|
|
|
Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology
3 publications, 1.02%
|
|
|
Electrochemistry
3 publications, 1.02%
|
|
|
Energy
3 publications, 1.02%
|
|
|
Renewable Energy
3 publications, 1.02%
|
|
|
Journal of Physical Chemistry B
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Journal of Heat Transfer
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Energy Conversion and Management
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Energies
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Plasma Science and Technology
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
AICHE Journal
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Polymers for Advanced Technologies
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Macromolecules
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
Catalysis Today
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
Journal of Propulsion and Power
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
Carbon
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
|
Citations by publishers
|
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
|
|
|
Elsevier
162 publications, 55.1%
|
|
|
The Electrochemical Society
37 publications, 12.59%
|
|
|
Springer Nature
14 publications, 4.76%
|
|
|
Wiley
12 publications, 4.08%
|
|
|
American Chemical Society (ACS)
8 publications, 2.72%
|
|
|
ASME
6 publications, 2.04%
|
|
|
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
5 publications, 1.7%
|
|
|
The Electrochemical Society of Japan
4 publications, 1.36%
|
|
|
Pleiades Publishing
3 publications, 1.02%
|
|
|
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
3 publications, 1.02%
|
|
|
Emerald
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
IOP Publishing
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Taylor & Francis
2 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
SAGE
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
Cambridge University Press
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
Polymer Society of Korea
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
Institution of Chemical Engineers
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
Hindawi Limited
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
1 publication, 0.34%
|
|
|
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
|
- We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.
{"yearsCitations":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""],"datasets":[{"label":"Citations number","data":[1,0,2,2,9,7,3,9,5,2,6,2,7,6,10,13,18,20,23,12,12,11,16,7,15,9,10,8,6,3,8,4,3,5,8,4,2],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":["0.34",0,"0.68","0.68","3.06","2.38","1.02","3.06","1.7","0.68","2.04","0.68","2.38","2.04","3.4","4.42","6.12","6.8","7.82","4.08","4.08","3.74","5.44","2.38","5.1","3.06","3.4","2.72","2.04","1.02","2.72","1.36","1.02","1.7","2.72","1.36","0.68"],"barThickness":null}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"journals":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Journal of Power Sources","Electrochimica Acta","Journal of the Electrochemical Society","Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","Journal of Applied Electrochemistry","Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters","Applied Catalysis B: Environmental","Electrochemistry Communications","Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology","Electrochemistry","Energy","Renewable Energy","Journal of Physical Chemistry B","Journal of Heat Transfer","International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","Energy Conversion and Management","International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow","Energies","Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology","Plasma Science and Technology","AICHE Journal","Polymers for Advanced Technologies","Journal of Physical Chemistry C","Macromolecules","Catalysis Today","Journal of Propulsion and Power","Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage","Carbon"],"ids":[14844,15613,5297,22454,8699,12525,25418,18270,177,27721,7343,21913,8077,14990,17081,16023,9996,4031,23828,9744,439,5553,20318,8859,20817,14481,5989,2897,37],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/s6nfxitVCZUsdJiJZESaAXqdmMJxom8q4Ps6ayL2_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/s6nfxitVCZUsdJiJZESaAXqdmMJxom8q4Ps6ayL2_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/yKbGpvfNleUTiwBfKt4XcIFlZMo3HgWv1KKVqn4g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/JWkRrt4U4oPa4E6W7adkLpyIMTatGmlu51Ge50zC_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/yKbGpvfNleUTiwBfKt4XcIFlZMo3HgWv1KKVqn4g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/y1FWuXRlUNwpMiGVNlyhHQIrgjjPdJWmhKMZwpoB_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/dNQOYHvIACt44mXXDuVTxtC90m3vLvHx5I198cDe_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/yKbGpvfNleUTiwBfKt4XcIFlZMo3HgWv1KKVqn4g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[63,32,32,14,13,10,5,5,4,3,3,3,3,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[21.43,10.88,10.88,4.76,4.42,3.4,1.7,1.7,1.36,1.02,1.02,1.02,1.02,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.34,0.34,0.34,0.34,0.34],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Journals","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"publishers":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Elsevier","The Electrochemical Society","Springer Nature","Wiley","American Chemical Society (ACS)","ASME","Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","The Electrochemical Society of Japan","Pleiades Publishing","Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","Emerald","Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers","IOP Publishing","Taylor & Francis","American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)","SAGE","Cambridge University Press","Polymer Society of Korea","Institution of Chemical Engineers","Hindawi Limited","Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii"],"ids":[17,6916,8,11,40,6977,202,7035,101,123,30,181,2075,18,1105,31,1,4849,5735,6921,9422],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/s6nfxitVCZUsdJiJZESaAXqdmMJxom8q4Ps6ayL2_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/yKbGpvfNleUTiwBfKt4XcIFlZMo3HgWv1KKVqn4g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/JWkRrt4U4oPa4E6W7adkLpyIMTatGmlu51Ge50zC_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/oZgeErrVFhuDksyqFURLvYS1wtVSBWczh001igGo_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/y1FWuXRlUNwpMiGVNlyhHQIrgjjPdJWmhKMZwpoB_medium.webp","","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/5YZtvLvkPZuc2JHOaZsjCvGSHFCuC3drUwN3YAc5_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/dNQOYHvIACt44mXXDuVTxtC90m3vLvHx5I198cDe_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ruydfaB80LDjlkYqsfOeUAZohOIODyq7bQzis5O7_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/cF81zWlLdkmYekymGuDcSdvgBGNKaIDoMoeJtHS1_medium.webp","","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MTi1s8E8zKDDF3SWt8DobBiteEPA40WPDiKEYgvd_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/hqfzhQAjTGlNSRs6yzFNITgjSMm9Jr2QuotJHIvE_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/9Mus3KG1Tkd7Bwaurt8H3RwWh0CxRlGoO6ng9UK1_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[162,37,14,12,8,6,5,4,3,3,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[55.1,12.59,4.76,4.08,2.72,2.04,1.7,1.36,1.02,1.02,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.68,0.34,0.34,0.34,0.34,0.34,0.34,0.34],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Publishers","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartiles":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0.34","0","0","0.34","0","0","0","0","0","0","0.34","0","0.34","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0.34","0.68","0","0","0","0.68","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[0,0,0,1,3,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,2,2,2,0,0,1,2,7,1,2,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0.34","1.02","0.34","0.34","0","0","0","0","0","0.34","0.34","0","0","0.34","0.68","0.68","0.68","0","0","0.34","0.68","2.38","0.34","0.68","0","0.34","0","0","0","0.34","0.34","0.34","0","0"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[0,0,2,1,5,3,2,9,4,1,6,2,6,5,9,10,16,14,16,7,12,7,11,4,6,6,5,6,5,2,6,4,2,4,6,3,2],"percentage":["0","0","0.68","0.34","1.7","1.02","0.68","3.06","1.36","0.34","2.04","0.68","2.04","1.7","3.06","3.4","5.44","4.76","5.44","2.38","4.08","2.38","3.74","1.36","2.04","2.04","1.7","2.04","1.7","0.68","2.04","1.36","0.68","1.36","2.04","1.02","0.68"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[1,0,0,0,1,3,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,3,1,2,3,3,0,4,2,1,1,2,2,2,0,1,2,0,0,0,1,1,0],"percentage":["0.34","0","0","0","0.34","1.02","0","0","0.34","0.34","0","0","0","0","0","1.02","0.34","0.68","1.02","1.02","0","1.36","0.68","0.34","0.34","0.68","0.68","0.68","0","0.34","0.68","0","0","0","0.34","0.34","0"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by SCImago per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartilesWs":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0.34","0","0","0.68","0.68","0","0","0","0","0","1.02","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0.34","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,0,0,1,3,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,1,1,1,0,0,2,1,4,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0.34","1.02","0.34","0.34","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0.68","0.34","0.34","0.34","0","0","0.68","0.34","1.36","0","0","0","0.34","0","0","0","0","0","0.34","0.34","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[0,0,0,0,2,1,0,5,0,1,4,0,6,1,6,7,5,7,6,6,6,3,6,2,2,1,3,2,0,0,1,0,1,3,2,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0","0.68","0.34","0","1.7","0","0.34","1.36","0","2.04","0.34","2.04","2.38","1.7","2.38","2.04","2.04","2.04","1.02","2.04","0.68","0.68","0.34","1.02","0.68","0","0","0.34","0","0.34","1.02","0.68","0","0"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[0,0,2,1,3,2,2,4,4,0,2,2,1,5,3,3,9,7,11,2,6,4,6,3,4,6,3,4,5,2,5,4,1,2,4,2,2],"percentage":["0","0","0.68","0.34","1.02","0.68","0.68","1.36","1.36","0","0.68","0.68","0.34","1.7","1.02","1.02","3.06","2.38","3.74","0.68","2.04","1.36","2.04","1.02","1.36","2.04","1.02","1.36","1.7","0.68","1.7","1.36","0.34","0.68","1.36","0.68","0.68"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[1,0,0,0,1,3,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,3,3,3,0,4,2,1,2,2,4,2,0,1,2,0,0,0,1,1,0],"percentage":["0.34","0","0","0","0.34","1.02","0","0","0.34","0.34","0","0","0","0","0","1.02","0.68","1.02","1.02","1.02","0","1.36","0.68","0.34","0.68","0.68","1.36","0.68","0","0.34","0.68","0","0","0","0.34","0.34","0"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by WoS per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}}}
Are you a researcher?
Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.
Metrics
Cite this
GOST |
RIS |
BibTex |
MLA
Cite this
GOST
Copy
Ticianelli E. A. et al. Localization of platinum in low catalyst loading electrodes to to attain high power densities in SPE fuel cells // Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry. 1988. Vol. 251. No. 2. pp. 275-295.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
Copy
Ticianelli E. A., Ticianelli E. A., Derouin C. R., Srinivasan S. Localization of platinum in low catalyst loading electrodes to to attain high power densities in SPE fuel cells // Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry. 1988. Vol. 251. No. 2. pp. 275-295.
Cite this
RIS
Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1016/0022-0728(88)85190-8
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(88)85190-8
TI - Localization of platinum in low catalyst loading electrodes to to attain high power densities in SPE fuel cells
T2 - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry
AU - Ticianelli, Edson A.
AU - Derouin, Charles R
AU - Srinivasan, Supramaniam
AU - Ticianelli, Edson A.
PY - 1988
DA - 1988/09/01 00:00:00
PB - Elsevier
SP - 275-295
IS - 2
VL - 251
SN - 0022-0728
ER -
Cite this
BibTex
Copy
@article{1988_Ticianelli,
author = {Edson A. Ticianelli and Charles R Derouin and Supramaniam Srinivasan and Edson A. Ticianelli},
title = {Localization of platinum in low catalyst loading electrodes to to attain high power densities in SPE fuel cells},
journal = {Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry},
year = {1988},
volume = {251},
publisher = {Elsevier},
month = {sep},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(88)85190-8},
number = {2},
pages = {275--295},
doi = {10.1016/0022-0728(88)85190-8}
}
Cite this
MLA
Copy
Ticianelli, Edson A., et al. “Localization of platinum in low catalyst loading electrodes to to attain high power densities in SPE fuel cells.” Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, vol. 251, no. 2, Sep. 1988, pp. 275-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(88)85190-8.