Evaluation of Na-13X zeolites activity in the catalytic pyrolysis of rapeseed oil cake to produce bio-oil

Zeolite with cavities (Na-13XCAV) was obtained by treating of a commercially Na-13X zeolite with tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (TPAOH, 0.3 mol/L). In addition, to generate secondary mesopores in the zeolite network (Na-13XCAV-SM), the Na-13X zeolite was treated with a mixture solution of TPAOH/NaOH (ratio 1:1). The charaterization of the zeolites was performed by N2 sorption, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Na-13XCAV-SM showed a higher selectivity and was effective for increasing the hydrocarbon content in bio-oil, it was obtained a hydrocarbon yield of 6.8 wt %, which was over three times bigger than that resulted with Na-13 × . The properties of bio-oil produced were determined and a comparison of the properties depending on the catalyst used was made. In the presence of secondary mesopores,the diffusion of intermediates compounds became faster and their re-polymerization reactions were slowed down, thus, the resulting amount of coke was reduced and bio-oil fraction increased.