Chemosphere, volume 239, pages 124801
Identification of novel disinfection byproducts in pool water: Chlorination of the algaecide benzalkonium chloride
Ulyanovskii Nikolay V
,
Varsegov Ilya S
1
,
Popov Mark S
1
,
Lebedev Albert T
,
Lebedev Albert T.
1, 2
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2020-01-01
General Chemistry
General Medicine
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Engineering
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Pollution
Abstract
The maintenance of public swimming pools requires numerous technological steps. One of the most important issues involves microbiological safety. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) encompasses homologous alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides with various alkyl chains, in particular C12 and C14, and is known as a popular algaecide for keeping water clean. In addition to BAC, NaOCl and UV-irradiation are also used to treat pool water as additional technological steps. Therefore, BAC itself can become a precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). High-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), with accurate mass measurements, has allowed the discovery of several groups of DBPs that are related to BAC in public pool water in Arkhangelsk (Russia). These DBPs include numerous isomeric monochlorinated derivatives ([C21H37ClN]+ and [C23H41ClN]+), hydroxyl derivatives ([C21H38NO]+ and [C23H42NO]), carbonyl ([C21H36NO]+ and [C23H40NO]+), and dicarbonyl derivatives ([C21H34NO2]+ and [C23H38NO2]+). In addition, chlorinated alcohols, ketones and ketoalcohols of BAC were also detected, including [C21H35ClNO]+, [C21H37ClNO]+ and [C21H35ClNO2]+ for BAC-12; and [C23H39ClNO]+, [C23H41ClNO]+ and [C23H39ClNO2]+ for BAC-14. MS/MS allowed reliable elucidation of the structures of novel DBPs, proving that chlorination starts via radical substitution in the long aliphatic chains of BAC. UV-irradiation dramatically accelerates the reaction completely destroying the original compounds in less than an hour, while the array of the intermediate products remains the same as in the dark. The formation of other DBPs proceeds due to further reactions of these primary products. The concentrations of novel DBPs in pool water reach μg L-1 levels. These conclusions were proved by conducting model reactions of BAC with NaOCl.
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- We do not take into account publications that without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.
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Ulyanovskii N. V. et al. Identification of novel disinfection byproducts in pool water: Chlorination of the algaecide benzalkonium chloride // Chemosphere. 2020. Vol. 239. p. 124801.
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Ulyanovskii N. V., Ulyanovskiy N., Kosyakov D. S., Varsegov I. S., Popov M. S., Lebedev A. T., Lebedev A. T. Identification of novel disinfection byproducts in pool water: Chlorination of the algaecide benzalkonium chloride // Chemosphere. 2020. Vol. 239. p. 124801.
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TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124801
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2019.124801
TI - Identification of novel disinfection byproducts in pool water: Chlorination of the algaecide benzalkonium chloride
T2 - Chemosphere
AU - Ulyanovskii, Nikolay V
AU - Kosyakov, Dmitry S
AU - Varsegov, Ilya S
AU - Popov, Mark S
AU - Lebedev, Albert T
AU - Ulyanovskiy, Nikolay
AU - Lebedev, Albert T.
PY - 2020
DA - 2020/01/01 00:00:00
PB - Elsevier
SP - 124801
VL - 239
SN - 0045-6535
ER -
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@article{2020_Ulyanovskii,
author = {Nikolay V Ulyanovskii and Dmitry S Kosyakov and Ilya S Varsegov and Mark S Popov and Albert T Lebedev and Nikolay Ulyanovskiy and Albert T. Lebedev},
title = {Identification of novel disinfection byproducts in pool water: Chlorination of the algaecide benzalkonium chloride},
journal = {Chemosphere},
year = {2020},
volume = {239},
publisher = {Elsevier},
month = {jan},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2019.124801},
pages = {124801},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124801}
}
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