An apprise on novel drug delivery systems for management of diabetes mellitus

In the context of therapeutics for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, challenges emerge when conventional strategies, including diet and exercise, fall short of adequately controlling hyperglycemia. Despite the initial effectiveness observed in pharmacological interventions, they are burdened by notable limitations primarily arising from low bioavailability and immediate drug release. This necessitates an increased dosing frequency. The compounded impact of these constraints and the manifestation of adverse side effects significantly impede patient adherence to prescribed treatment regimens. In response to these challenges, recent years have witnessed a growing application of nanotechnology to devise innovative delivery modalities to enhance anti-diabetic approaches' effectiveness. The central objectives have centered on protecting the drug through encapsulation within nano-carrier systems and facilitating a gradual, controllable release. However, despite the proliferation of studies in this domain, there is a notable scarcity of research utilizing in vivo techniques in mouse/rat models to validate and substantiate findings. This review critically assesses the current disadvantages associated with contemporary Type 2 DM drugs and delves into the advancements made in nanotechnology. The emergence of drug nanocarriers can amplify bioavailability, prolong release durations, and consequently reduce dosing frequency. This innovative approach stands poised to significantly improve the quality of life for individuals grappling with Type 2 DM.