An overview of novel biosurfactants and their potential for industrial applications from a biosurfactant perspective

Novel biosurfactants, which are synthesized by microbial species including bacteria, fungi, and yeast, have gained recognition as environmentally sustainable substitutes for synthetic surfactants because of their low toxicity, excellent biodegradability, and ability to thrive under harsh environmental conditions. These amphipathic molecules, known for lowering surface and interfacial tension, are utilized across various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food processing, and environmental remediation. The objective of this study is to deliver an extensive examination of the characteristics, classifications, and industrial uses of novel biosurfactants, emphasizing their viability as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical-based surfactants. The goal is to investigate the distinctive features of novel biosurfactants, including their ability to emulsify, solubilize, and exhibit antimicrobial effects, and to examine their contributions to improving oil recovery, breaking down pollutants, and stabilizing food products. Additionally, the review emphasizes the novelty of novel biosurfactants derived from local microbial strains, which can be tailored to specific environmental needs, thereby enhancing their effectiveness and compatibility. Current research efforts are focused on discovering novel microbial sources to expand the range of novel biosurfactants, increasing their potential applications and environmental benefits. As novel biosurfactants gain commercial interest, they hold promise for meeting industrial demands sustainably, contributing to a cleaner and more resilient biosphere. This review underscores the importance of novel biosurfactants in bridging the gap between industrial applications and ecological sustainability, offering a pathway toward greener and more efficient industrial processes.