Recent advances and remaining challenges of solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have garnered significant attention as a next-generation energy storage technology, providing superior safety, enhanced stability, and high energy density. However, current research predominantly remains confined to laboratory-scale demonstrations, with limited translation into scalable technological solutions. Addressing this academia-industry disconnect is critical to unlocking the commercial viability of ASSLBs. This review focuses on bridging this gap by systematically analyzing advancements in solid-state electrolytes (SSEs)—the cornerstone of ASSLB technology. We delve into the structural characteristics, ion transport mechanisms, and performance metrics of various SSEs, alongside a comprehensive summary of modification strategies. Beyond theoretical advancements, we emphasize the practical implications of these strategies in addressing energy density limitations, interfacial instability, and safety concerns. A distinctive feature of this review lies in its multidimensional analysis of early-stage ASSLB industrialization hurdles, integrating perspectives from materials synthesis scalability, electrode processing innovations, device-level performance validation, advanced characterization methodologies, and application-specific requirements. This work not only maps current research frontiers but also establishes actionable guidelines for academia–industry collaboration, offering scientists a roadmap for targeted innovation and equipping enterprises with evidence-based insights to streamline technology development and commercialization strategies.