Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association, volume 13, pages S5-S9

Zonisamide: chemistry, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics

Ilo E. Leppik ¹

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MINCEP Epilepsy Care and University of Minnesota, 5775 Wayzata Boulevard, Suite 200, Minneapolis, MN 55416, USA. |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2004-12-01

Elsevier

Journal: Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor: 3

ISSN: 10591311, 15322688

DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2004.04.016

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General Medicine

Neurology

Neurology (clinical)

Abstract

Zonisamide is a synthetic 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide with anticonvulsant properties. The sulfamoyl group on zonisamide was expected to suppress seizures in a manner similar to another sulfonamide analogue, acetazolamide, through inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. However, this does not appear to be the primary mechanism of action since zonisamide requires much higher doses than acetazolamide to achieve equivalent titration in vivo. Studies with cultured neurons indicate that zonisamide blocks repetitive firing of voltage-sensitive sodium channels and reduces voltage-sensitive T-type calcium currents without affecting L-type calcium currents. Its dual mechanism of action may explain its efficacy in patients resistant to other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Zonisamide has a pharmacokinetic profile favorable for clinical use. It is rapidly and completely absorbed and has a long half-life (63-69h in healthy volunteers) which allows twice-daily, or even once-daily, dosing. Zonisamide is not highly bound to plasma proteins. Consequently, it does not affect protein binding of other highly protein-bound AEDs. Furthermore, zonisamide does not induce its own metabolism and does not induce liver enzymes. However, since zonisamide is metabolized by cytochrome P450, liver enzyme-inducing AEDs will increase zonisamide clearance, and dosage adjustments may be necessary when it is used in combination with certain AEDs.

By date By citations

Top-30

Citations by journals

	1 2 3 4 5 6
Epilepsy Research	Epilepsy Research, 6, 3.55% Epilepsy Research 6 publications, 3.55%
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews	Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, 3.55% Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6 publications, 3.55%
Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association	Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association, 5, 2.96% Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association 5 publications, 2.96%
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 4, 2.37% Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 4 publications, 2.37%
Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology	Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, 4, 2.37% Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology 4 publications, 2.37%
Frontiers in Neurology	Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 1.78% Frontiers in Neurology 3 publications, 1.78%
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 3, 1.78% European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 3 publications, 1.78%
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters	Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 3, 1.78% Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 3 publications, 1.78%
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics	Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 3, 1.78% Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 3 publications, 1.78%
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety	Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 3, 1.78% Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 3 publications, 1.78%
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy	Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 3, 1.78% Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 3 publications, 1.78%
Neurochemical Research	Neurochemical Research, 2, 1.18% Neurochemical Research 2 publications, 1.18%
CNS Drugs	CNS Drugs, 2, 1.18% CNS Drugs 2 publications, 1.18%
Acta Neurologica Belgica	Acta Neurologica Belgica, 2, 1.18% Acta Neurologica Belgica 2 publications, 1.18%
BMC Veterinary Research	BMC Veterinary Research, 2, 1.18% BMC Veterinary Research 2 publications, 1.18%
Epilepsy and Behavior	Epilepsy and Behavior, 2, 1.18% Epilepsy and Behavior 2 publications, 1.18%
Seminars in Dialysis	Seminars in Dialysis, 2, 1.18% Seminars in Dialysis 2 publications, 1.18%
Headache	Headache, 2, 1.18% Headache 2 publications, 1.18%
Epilepsia	Epilepsia, 2, 1.18% Epilepsia 2 publications, 1.18%
Organic Letters	Organic Letters, 2, 1.18% Organic Letters 2 publications, 1.18%
ACS Chemical Neuroscience	ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 2, 1.18% ACS Chemical Neuroscience 2 publications, 1.18%
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica	Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 2, 1.18% Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2 publications, 1.18%
Mendeleev Communications	Mendeleev Communications, 1, 0.59% Mendeleev Communications 1 publication, 0.59%
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology	Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 1, 0.59% Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology 1 publication, 0.59%
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America	Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1, 0.59% Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1 publication, 0.59%
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics	Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1, 0.59% Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1 publication, 0.59%
Pharmacological Reviews	Pharmacological Reviews, 1, 0.59% Pharmacological Reviews 1 publication, 0.59%
Current Medicinal Chemistry	Current Medicinal Chemistry, 1, 0.59% Current Medicinal Chemistry 1 publication, 0.59%
Clinical Science	Clinical Science, 1, 0.59% Clinical Science 1 publication, 0.59%
	1 2 3 4 5 6

Citations by publishers

	5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Elsevier	Elsevier, 40, 23.67% Elsevier 40 publications, 23.67%
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 24, 14.2% Springer Nature 24 publications, 14.2%
Wiley	Wiley, 23, 13.61% Wiley 23 publications, 13.61%
Taylor & Francis	Taylor & Francis, 16, 9.47% Taylor & Francis 16 publications, 9.47%
American Chemical Society (ACS)	American Chemical Society (ACS), 8, 4.73% American Chemical Society (ACS) 8 publications, 4.73%
Wolters Kluwer Health	Wolters Kluwer Health, 5, 2.96% Wolters Kluwer Health 5 publications, 2.96%
SAGE	SAGE, 5, 2.96% SAGE 5 publications, 2.96%
Bentham Science	Bentham Science, 4, 2.37% Bentham Science 4 publications, 2.37%
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 4, 2.37% Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 4 publications, 2.37%
Frontiers Media S.A.	Frontiers Media S.A., 4, 2.37% Frontiers Media S.A. 4 publications, 2.37%
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics	American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2, 1.18% American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2 publications, 1.18%
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2, 1.18% Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 2 publications, 1.18%
Dove Medical Press	Dove Medical Press, 2, 1.18% Dove Medical Press 2 publications, 1.18%
Mark Allen Group	Mark Allen Group, 2, 1.18% Mark Allen Group 2 publications, 1.18%
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)	Acoustical Society of America (ASA), 1, 0.59% Acoustical Society of America (ASA) 1 publication, 0.59%
Portland Press	Portland Press, 1, 0.59% Portland Press 1 publication, 0.59%
Thieme	Thieme, 1, 0.59% Thieme 1 publication, 0.59%
Medknow Publications	Medknow Publications, 1, 0.59% Medknow Publications 1 publication, 0.59%
Scientific Research Publishing	Scientific Research Publishing, 1, 0.59% Scientific Research Publishing 1 publication, 0.59%
Korean Neurological Association	Korean Neurological Association, 1, 0.59% Korean Neurological Association 1 publication, 0.59%
Oxford University Press	Oxford University Press, 1, 0.59% Oxford University Press 1 publication, 0.59%
American Medical Association (AMA)	American Medical Association (AMA), 1, 0.59% American Medical Association (AMA) 1 publication, 0.59%
Media Sphere Publishing Group	Media Sphere Publishing Group, 1, 0.59% Media Sphere Publishing Group 1 publication, 0.59%
	5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
Statistics recalculated weekly.

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Leppik I. E. Zonisamide: chemistry, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics // Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association. 2004. Vol. 13. p. S5-S9.

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Leppik I. E. Zonisamide: chemistry, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics // Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association. 2004. Vol. 13. p. S5-S9.

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TY - JOUR

DO - 10.1016/j.seizure.2004.04.016

UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2004.04.016

TI - Zonisamide: chemistry, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics

T2 - Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association

AU - Leppik, Ilo E.

PY - 2004

DA - 2004/12/01 00:00:00

PB - Elsevier

SP - S5-S9

VL - 13

SN - 1059-1311

SN - 1532-2688

ER -

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@article{2004_Leppik,

author = {Ilo E. Leppik},

title = {Zonisamide: chemistry, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics},

journal = {Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association},

year = {2004},

volume = {13},

publisher = {Elsevier},

month = {dec},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2004.04.016},

pages = {S5--S9},

doi = {10.1016/j.seizure.2004.04.016}

}

Found error?

Publisher

Elsevier

Journal

Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor

ISSN

10591311 (Print)
15322688 (Electronic)