Solid State Ionics, volume 319, pages 203-208
The origin of conductivity variations in Al-stabilized Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramics
A Wachter Welzl
1
,
J Kirowitz
1
,
R. Wagner
2
,
Stefan Smetaczek
1
,
G C Brunauer
1
,
Maximilian Bonta
1
,
Daniel Rettenwander
3
,
Stefanie Taibl
1
,
Andreas Limbeck
1
,
G. Amthauer
2
,
2
Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Austria
|
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2018-06-01
General Chemistry
Condensed Matter Physics
General Materials Science
Abstract
All-solid state batteries have the ability to bring us closer to a zero-emission society. Such battery systems, however, require a powerful solid Li-ion conductor with high stability and exceptionally high Li-ion conductivity. Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnets are attractive candidates combining high ionic conductivity and thermal as well as electrochemical stability. Since the cubic LLZO polymorph is not stable at room temperature, supervalent cations, such as Al3+, are needed to stabilize the highly conductive phase. However, strong variations in conductivity values were reported even for very similar Al contents, which is critical for future battery applications. Therefore, the overall performance of 44 samples with nominally identical composition (Li6.40Al0.20La3Zr2O12), sintered at two different temperatures (1150 °C and 1230 °C, respectively) was analysed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The aim of this work is to elucidate the origin of the strong variations in conductivity reported in literature. This study shows that the effective conductivities of the LLZO samples vary between 2 × 10−5 and 8 × 10−4 S cm−1, which cannot be attributed to obvious differences in sample preparation. Furthermore, the stepwise reduction of the sample volume and repeated measuring of the impedance revealed conductivity variations even within a single sample. Finally, preliminary chemical analysis by laser ablation (LA) – inductively coupled plasma (ICP) – mass spectrometry (MS) identified Al inhomogeneities in LLZO, which may be responsible for conductivity variations of nominally equal samples.
Top-30
Citations by journals
1
2
3
4
|
|
Ceramics International
4 publications, 8.51%
|
|
Solid State Ionics
4 publications, 8.51%
|
|
Journal of the Electrochemical Society
2 publications, 4.26%
|
|
Energy Storage Materials
2 publications, 4.26%
|
|
Advanced Materials Interfaces
2 publications, 4.26%
|
|
ACS Applied Energy Materials
2 publications, 4.26%
|
|
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
2 publications, 4.26%
|
|
ACS Energy Letters
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Journal of Materials Science
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
npj Computational Materials
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Nature Energy
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Nanotechnology
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Materials Research Express
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Acta Materialia
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Computational Materials Science
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Nature Communications
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Batteries & Supercaps
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Advanced Functional Materials
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Advanced Energy Materials
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
ACS applied materials & interfaces
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Chemistry of Materials
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Sustainable Energy and Fuels
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
RSC Advances
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Russian Journal of Electrochemistry
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Inorganic Materials
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
SEMA SIMAI Springer Series
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
1
2
3
4
|
Citations by publishers
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
|
|
Elsevier
13 publications, 27.66%
|
|
Wiley
7 publications, 14.89%
|
|
American Chemical Society (ACS)
6 publications, 12.77%
|
|
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
6 publications, 12.77%
|
|
Springer Nature
5 publications, 10.64%
|
|
IOP Publishing
3 publications, 6.38%
|
|
Pleiades Publishing
3 publications, 6.38%
|
|
The Electrochemical Society
2 publications, 4.26%
|
|
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
1 publication, 2.13%
|
|
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
|
- We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.
{"yearsCitations":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["","","","","","",""],"datasets":[{"label":"Citations number","data":[1,12,14,7,6,6,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":["2.13","25.53","29.79","14.89","12.77","12.77","2.13"],"barThickness":null}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"journals":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Ceramics International","Solid State Ionics","Journal of the Electrochemical Society","Energy Storage Materials","Advanced Materials Interfaces","ACS Applied Energy Materials","Journal of Materials Chemistry A","ACS Energy Letters","Journal of Materials Science","npj Computational Materials","Nature Energy","Nanotechnology","Materials Research Express","Journal of Physics: Conference Series","Acta Materialia","Computational Materials Science","Nature Communications","Batteries & Supercaps","Advanced Functional Materials","International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","Advanced Energy Materials","ACS applied materials & interfaces","Chemistry of Materials","Journal of Physical Chemistry C","Sustainable Energy and Fuels","Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","RSC Advances","Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","Inorganic Materials","SEMA SIMAI Springer Series"],"ids":[15103,12542,5297,3858,18764,6419,14919,9022,11453,19672,13790,16187,3993,3333,6469,3669,3231,26456,7715,14470,22475,1458,6428,8859,14712,22157,3100,8446,7716,1967],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/s6nfxitVCZUsdJiJZESaAXqdmMJxom8q4Ps6ayL2_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/oZgeErrVFhuDksyqFURLvYS1wtVSBWczh001igGo_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/oZgeErrVFhuDksyqFURLvYS1wtVSBWczh001igGo_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[4,4,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[8.51,8.51,4.26,4.26,4.26,4.26,4.26,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13,2.13],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Journals","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"publishers":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Elsevier","Wiley","American Chemical Society (ACS)","Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","Springer Nature","IOP Publishing","Pleiades Publishing","The Electrochemical Society","Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii"],"ids":[17,11,40,123,8,2075,101,6916,202,9422],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/oZgeErrVFhuDksyqFURLvYS1wtVSBWczh001igGo_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/s6nfxitVCZUsdJiJZESaAXqdmMJxom8q4Ps6ayL2_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/9Mus3KG1Tkd7Bwaurt8H3RwWh0CxRlGoO6ng9UK1_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[13,7,6,6,5,3,3,2,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[27.66,14.89,12.77,12.77,10.64,6.38,6.38,4.26,2.13,2.13],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Publishers","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartiles":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,1,0,0,2,0,0],"percentage":["0","2.13","0","0","4.26","0","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[0,2,3,2,0,1,0],"percentage":["0","4.26","6.38","4.26","0","2.13","0"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[1,9,10,4,4,4,1],"percentage":["2.13","19.15","21.28","8.51","8.51","8.51","2.13"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,0,1,1,0,1,0],"percentage":["0","0","2.13","2.13","0","2.13","0"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by SCImago per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartilesWs":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,1,0,0,2,0,0],"percentage":["0","2.13","0","0","4.26","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,0,2,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","4.26","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[0,5,5,3,1,1,0],"percentage":["0","10.64","10.64","6.38","2.13","2.13","0"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[1,6,6,3,3,4,1],"percentage":["2.13","12.77","12.77","6.38","6.38","8.51","2.13"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,0,1,1,0,1,0],"percentage":["0","0","2.13","2.13","0","2.13","0"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by WoS per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}}}
Are you a researcher?
Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.
Metrics
Cite this
GOST |
RIS |
BibTex
Cite this
GOST
Copy
Wachter Welzl A. et al. The origin of conductivity variations in Al-stabilized Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramics // Solid State Ionics. 2018. Vol. 319. pp. 203-208.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
Copy
Wachter Welzl A., Kirowitz J., Wagner R., Smetaczek S., Brunauer G. C., Bonta M., Rettenwander D., Taibl S., Limbeck A., Amthauer G., Fleig J. The origin of conductivity variations in Al-stabilized Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramics // Solid State Ionics. 2018. Vol. 319. pp. 203-208.
Cite this
RIS
Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1016/j.ssi.2018.01.036
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2018.01.036
TI - The origin of conductivity variations in Al-stabilized Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramics
T2 - Solid State Ionics
AU - Wachter Welzl, A
AU - Kirowitz, J
AU - Wagner, R.
AU - Smetaczek, Stefan
AU - Brunauer, G C
AU - Bonta, Maximilian
AU - Rettenwander, Daniel
AU - Taibl, Stefanie
AU - Limbeck, Andreas
AU - Amthauer, G.
AU - Fleig, Jürgen
PY - 2018
DA - 2018/06/01 00:00:00
PB - Elsevier
SP - 203-208
VL - 319
SN - 0167-2738
ER -
Cite this
BibTex
Copy
@article{2018_Wachter Welzl,
author = {A Wachter Welzl and J Kirowitz and R. Wagner and Stefan Smetaczek and G C Brunauer and Maximilian Bonta and Daniel Rettenwander and Stefanie Taibl and Andreas Limbeck and G. Amthauer and Jürgen Fleig},
title = {The origin of conductivity variations in Al-stabilized Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramics},
journal = {Solid State Ionics},
year = {2018},
volume = {319},
publisher = {Elsevier},
month = {jun},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2018.01.036},
pages = {203--208},
doi = {10.1016/j.ssi.2018.01.036}
}