Research Advances in Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Fluorescent Probes Based on Combined Fluorescence Mechanism

本文总结了近年来将光致电子转移（PET）、聚集诱导荧光（AIE）、荧光共振能量转移（FRET）、分子内电荷转移（ICT）荧光机制引入到ESIPT荧光团设计得到的荧光探针，并分析了它们在离子、小分子、生物大分子等方面的检测机制以及成像应用研究。 Fluorescent probes can achieve rapid detection of analytes, and have become a research hotspot in recent years due to their excellent selectivity, high sensitivity and easy operation. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is one of the most basic strategies for designing fluorescence probes. Fluorescent probes based on ESIPT possess large Stokes shift, strong luminescence and high fluorescence quantum yield. However, these are still some disadvantages, such as sensitivity to the environment and short emission wavelength. In recent years, the ESIPT combined with other fluorescence mechanisms, can obtain new fluorescent probes with dual mechanism of fluorescence response. This strategy can not only solve the shortage of ESIPT fluorophore, but also realize multi-fluorescence signal channel, and significantly improve the selectivity and sensitivity of the new probe. In this review, we mainly summarized the detection mechanism and imaging application of fluorescence probes of PET-ESIPT, ICT-ESIPT, FRET-ESIPT, AIE-ESIPT for ions, small molecules, biological macromolecules in recent years. Taking the ESIPT fluorophore as the core and reasonably introducing certain moieties into it can obtain new fluorescent probes that are regulated by the combined fluorescence mechanism, such as ESIPT-AIE, ESIPT-PET, ESIPT-FRET and ESIPT-ICT. The fluorescence probes designed by the combination strategy have better selectivity and higher sensitivity, providing a more powerful detection tool for target analytes.