Review on Stability, Thermophysical Properties, and Solar Harvesting Applications of Titanium Nitride-Based Nanofluids: Current Status and Outlook

This Review aims to investigate the use of titanium nitride-based nanofluids (NFs) in solar energy systems to enhance their efficiency and heat transfer capabilities. By exploring the thermophysical properties of TiN nanoparticles (NPs), the Review seeks to promote the adoption of NFs over traditional working fluids, thus contributing to the development of sustainable energy solutions. The emphasis is on leveraging TiN's superior plasmonic properties, which enable it to absorb sunlight more efficiently than conventional materials, thereby enhancing the overall performance of solar collectors. By highlighting TiN's exceptional chemical and mechanical stability and cost-effectiveness compared to noble metals, the Review aims to underscore its potential as a promising alternative for improving NFs' thermophysical characteristics and boosting the efficiency of solar thermal systems. For instance, TiN NPs characterized by broad-spectrum LSPR have exhibited a notable 92% sunlight absorption within the wavelength range of 400–750 nm, leading to a temperature change of up to 260% compared to water. Moreover, incorporating TiN NPs into rGO-based plasmonic nanofluids demonstrates a remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency (67%) and enhanced heat transfer properties, showing a 23% improvement over pure water at a concentration of 40 ppm. This Review also addresses the current challenges and provides insights into future research directions, fostering the potential application of TiN NPs in advanced solar harvesting technologies. By consolidating existing knowledge, the Review aims to pave the way for innovative and sustainable solutions in the field of renewable energy, thereby contributing to global efforts to combat climate change and promote environmental sustainability.