Recent Advancements, Fundamental Challenges, and Opportunities in Catalytic Methanation of CO₂

Commercial and environmental benefits have made carbon dioxide (CO2) methanation one of the topmost research projects all over the world both at the pilot plant and commercial scale. Mitigation of CO2 via carbon capture and storage (CCS) routes have less motivation from a commercial point of view. Therefore, an integrated system is of paramount importance to convert CO2 into value-added products such as methane (CH4) using solar energy (photosynthesis) or surplus electrical energy in hydrolysis for production of reactant hydrogen to use in CO2 methanation. To date, great efforts have been made to investigate both the reaction mechanism and catalysts development for methanation. Here in this review, up to date references have been cited, which are aimed at giving researchers a comprehensive overview of CO2 methanation with respect to the recent advancements in reaction mechanism, catalytic materials, and the novel combination of metal active phase and its synergy. Both thermochemical and electrochemical ro...