ACS Sensors, volume 1, issue 10, pages 1213-1216

Rapid, Selective, Label-Free Aptameric Capture and Detection of Ricin in Potable Liquids Using a Printed Floating Gate Transistor

Scott P White ¹

Srinand Sreevatsan ²

C. Daniel Frisbie ¹

Kevin D. Dorfman ¹

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 2 affiliations

Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States |

Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2016-09-23

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Journal: ACS Sensors

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor: 8.9

ISSN: 23793694, 23793694

DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00481

Copy DOI

Process Chemistry and Technology

Instrumentation

Bioengineering

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes

Abstract

We report a label-free method to quantify protein levels using a combination of printed electronic and microfluidic technologies. The protein, in this case, ricin, is captured by a floating electrode functionalized with a DNA aptamer. The binding is transduced into an amplified potentiometric signal by a printed, electrolyte-gated transistor (EGT). Microfluidic channels physically separate the active sensor surface from the EGT-transducer, permitting the capture of ricin down to 30 pM (1 ng/mL) in buffer and 300 pM (10 ng/mL) in orange juice and milk in the absence of preconcentration. The assay is flow-based, leading to measurement in minutes since no preprocessing, enzymatic reaction, or rinsing steps are needed. Its easy fabrication, multiplexability, simple operation, and facile analysis, combined with rapid quantitation at clinically relevant levels, make this strategy a promising approach to parallelized monitoring of toxin levels in food and other environmental samples.

By date By citations

Top-30

Citations by journals

	1 2 3 4
Advanced Materials	Advanced Materials, 4, 7.27% Advanced Materials 4 publications, 7.27%
ACS Sensors	ACS Sensors, 4, 7.27% ACS Sensors 4 publications, 7.27%
ACS applied materials & interfaces	ACS applied materials & interfaces, 4, 7.27% ACS applied materials & interfaces 4 publications, 7.27%
Micromachines	Micromachines, 3, 5.45% Micromachines 3 publications, 5.45%
Biosensors	Biosensors, 2, 3.64% Biosensors 2 publications, 3.64%
Sensors	Sensors, 2, 3.64% Sensors 2 publications, 3.64%
ChemistryOpen	ChemistryOpen, 2, 3.64% ChemistryOpen 2 publications, 3.64%
ACS Applied Electronic Materials	ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 2, 3.64% ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2 publications, 3.64%
Applied Physics Letters	Applied Physics Letters, 1, 1.82% Applied Physics Letters 1 publication, 1.82%
Biomicrofluidics	Biomicrofluidics, 1, 1.82% Biomicrofluidics 1 publication, 1.82%
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1, 1.82% Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 1 publication, 1.82%
Electrochemistry	Electrochemistry, 1, 1.82% Electrochemistry 1 publication, 1.82%
Nature Reviews Methods Primers	Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 1, 1.82% Nature Reviews Methods Primers 1 publication, 1.82%
Scientific Reports	Scientific Reports, 1, 1.82% Scientific Reports 1 publication, 1.82%
Talanta	Talanta, 1, 1.82% Talanta 1 publication, 1.82%
Flexible and Printed Electronics	Flexible and Printed Electronics, 1, 1.82% Flexible and Printed Electronics 1 publication, 1.82%
Biofabrication	Biofabrication, 1, 1.82% Biofabrication 1 publication, 1.82%
Food Chemistry	Food Chemistry, 1, 1.82% Food Chemistry 1 publication, 1.82%
Organic Electronics	Organic Electronics, 1, 1.82% Organic Electronics 1 publication, 1.82%
TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry	TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 1, 1.82% TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 1 publication, 1.82%
Advanced Functional Materials	Advanced Functional Materials, 1, 1.82% Advanced Functional Materials 1 publication, 1.82%
ChemElectroChem	ChemElectroChem, 1, 1.82% ChemElectroChem 1 publication, 1.82%
Advanced healthcare materials	Advanced healthcare materials, 1, 1.82% Advanced healthcare materials 1 publication, 1.82%
Small	Small, 1, 1.82% Small 1 publication, 1.82%
ACS Macro Letters	ACS Macro Letters, 1, 1.82% ACS Macro Letters 1 publication, 1.82%
Nano Letters	Nano Letters, 1, 1.82% Nano Letters 1 publication, 1.82%
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters	Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 1, 1.82% Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 1 publication, 1.82%
Langmuir	Langmuir, 1, 1.82% Langmuir 1 publication, 1.82%
Chemical Communications	Chemical Communications, 1, 1.82% Chemical Communications 1 publication, 1.82%
	1 2 3 4

Citations by publishers

	2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
American Chemical Society (ACS)	American Chemical Society (ACS), 15, 27.27% American Chemical Society (ACS) 15 publications, 27.27%
Wiley	Wiley, 12, 21.82% Wiley 12 publications, 21.82%
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 7, 12.73% Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 7 publications, 12.73%
Elsevier	Elsevier, 4, 7.27% Elsevier 4 publications, 7.27%
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 3, 5.45% Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 3 publications, 5.45%
American Institute of Physics (AIP)	American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2, 3.64% American Institute of Physics (AIP) 2 publications, 3.64%
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 2, 3.64% Springer Nature 2 publications, 3.64%
IOP Publishing	IOP Publishing, 2, 3.64% IOP Publishing 2 publications, 3.64%
The Chemical Society of Japan	The Chemical Society of Japan, 1, 1.82% The Chemical Society of Japan 1 publication, 1.82%
The Electrochemical Society of Japan	The Electrochemical Society of Japan, 1, 1.82% The Electrochemical Society of Japan 1 publication, 1.82%
IEEE	IEEE, 1, 1.82% IEEE 1 publication, 1.82%
Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii	Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii, 1, 1.82% Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii 1 publication, 1.82%
	2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
Statistics recalculated weekly.

{"yearsCitations":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["","","","","","","",""],"datasets":[{"label":"Citations number","data":[7,5,7,6,7,6,12,5],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":["12.73","9.09","12.73","10.91","12.73","10.91","21.82","9.09"],"barThickness":null}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"journals":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Advanced Materials","ACS Sensors","ACS applied materials & interfaces","Micromachines","Biosensors","Sensors","ChemistryOpen","ACS Applied Electronic Materials","Applied Physics Letters","Biomicrofluidics","Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan","Electrochemistry","Nature Reviews Methods Primers","Scientific Reports","Talanta","Flexible and Printed Electronics","Biofabrication","Food Chemistry","Organic Electronics","TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry","Advanced Functional Materials","ChemElectroChem","Advanced healthcare materials","Small","ACS Macro Letters","Nano Letters","Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters","Langmuir","Chemical Communications"],"ids":[25159,8271,1458,1083,5233,18435,23757,26454,4202,21952,20870,7343,27448,13767,4331,17153,13229,20876,21508,434,7715,22483,21975,9872,957,10312,21963,19601,9073],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ARM4e6URKRsbRZvIF0vFis9DjxGloBjnBYJXbHmZ_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ARM4e6URKRsbRZvIF0vFis9DjxGloBjnBYJXbHmZ_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ktSZPrGjOMvauY6mn7jk8bqo3Af0S6abv653w90B_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/JWkRrt4U4oPa4E6W7adkLpyIMTatGmlu51Ge50zC_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[4,4,4,3,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[7.27,7.27,7.27,5.45,3.64,3.64,3.64,3.64,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Journals","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"publishers":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["American Chemical Society (ACS)","Wiley","Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","Elsevier","Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","American Institute of Physics (AIP)","Springer Nature","IOP Publishing","The Chemical Society of Japan","The Electrochemical Society of Japan","IEEE","Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii"],"ids":[40,11,202,17,123,250,8,2075,6950,7035,6953,9422],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ARM4e6URKRsbRZvIF0vFis9DjxGloBjnBYJXbHmZ_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ktSZPrGjOMvauY6mn7jk8bqo3Af0S6abv653w90B_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/JWkRrt4U4oPa4E6W7adkLpyIMTatGmlu51Ge50zC_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/6scCJegesojp2jubwY3uKCzTAmgsaH2GIFlg6Hfk_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/9Mus3KG1Tkd7Bwaurt8H3RwWh0CxRlGoO6ng9UK1_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[15,12,7,4,3,2,2,2,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[27.27,21.82,12.73,7.27,5.45,3.64,3.64,3.64,1.82,1.82,1.82,1.82],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Publishers","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartiles":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["1.82","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[1,1,1,2,1,1,2,0],"percentage":["1.82","1.82","1.82","3.64","1.82","1.82","3.64","0"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[5,4,5,4,6,5,7,3],"percentage":["9.09","7.27","9.09","7.27","10.91","9.09","12.73","5.45"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,0,1,0,0,0,3,2],"percentage":["0","0","1.82","0","0","0","5.45","3.64"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by SCImago per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartilesWs":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["1.82","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0],"percentage":["1.82","0","1.82","1.82","1.82","0","1.82","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[1,1,1,2,2,4,2,2],"percentage":["1.82","1.82","1.82","3.64","3.64","7.27","3.64","3.64"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[4,4,4,3,3,2,6,1],"percentage":["7.27","7.27","7.27","5.45","5.45","3.64","10.91","1.82"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,0,1,0,1,0,3,2],"percentage":["0","0","1.82","0","1.82","0","5.45","3.64"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by WoS per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}}}

Are you a researcher?

Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.

Metrics

Cite this

GOST |

Cite this

GOST Copy

White S. P. et al. Rapid, Selective, Label-Free Aptameric Capture and Detection of Ricin in Potable Liquids Using a Printed Floating Gate Transistor // ACS Sensors. 2016. Vol. 1. No. 10. pp. 1213-1216.

GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy

White S. P., Sreevatsan S., Frisbie C. D., Dorfman K. D. Rapid, Selective, Label-Free Aptameric Capture and Detection of Ricin in Potable Liquids Using a Printed Floating Gate Transistor // ACS Sensors. 2016. Vol. 1. No. 10. pp. 1213-1216.

RIS |

Cite this

RIS Copy

TY - JOUR

DO - 10.1021/acssensors.6b00481

UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6b00481

TI - Rapid, Selective, Label-Free Aptameric Capture and Detection of Ricin in Potable Liquids Using a Printed Floating Gate Transistor

T2 - ACS Sensors

AU - White, Scott P

AU - Sreevatsan, Srinand

AU - Frisbie, C. Daniel

AU - Dorfman, Kevin D.

PY - 2016

DA - 2016/09/23 00:00:00

PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)

SP - 1213-1216

IS - 10

VL - 1

SN - 2379-3694

ER -

BibTex |

Cite this

BibTex Copy

@article{2016_White,

author = {Scott P White and Srinand Sreevatsan and C. Daniel Frisbie and Kevin D. Dorfman},

title = {Rapid, Selective, Label-Free Aptameric Capture and Detection of Ricin in Potable Liquids Using a Printed Floating Gate Transistor},

journal = {ACS Sensors},

year = {2016},

volume = {1},

publisher = {American Chemical Society (ACS)},

month = {sep},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6b00481},

number = {10},

pages = {1213--1216},

doi = {10.1021/acssensors.6b00481}

}

MLA

Cite this

MLA Copy

White, Scott P., et al. “Rapid, Selective, Label-Free Aptameric Capture and Detection of Ricin in Potable Liquids Using a Printed Floating Gate Transistor.” ACS Sensors, vol. 1, no. 10, Sep. 2016, pp. 1213-1216. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6b00481.

Found error?

Publisher

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Journal

ACS Sensors

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor

8.9

ISSN

23793694 (Electronic)
23793694 (Print)