The Effect of NaOH on the Liquid-Phase Hydrodechlorination of Dioxins over Pd/γ-Al₂O₃

The effect of sodium hydroxide on the-liquid phase hydrodechlorination (LPHDC) of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) over 2% Pd/γ-Al2O3 was evaluated. Reactions were carried out using 2-propanol both as a hydrogen donor and as a solvent. Fresh and used catalyst samples were characterized by BET, hydrogen chemisorption, TEM/EDS, XPS, and TPR. When the reaction mixture contained no NaOH, active-phase leaching and Pd−C formation were observed even after 10 min of reaction. Therefore, sodium hydroxide appears to be required to maintain surface metal clusters on the support and avoid binding of carbon species to the active metal. On the other hand, excess NaOH in the reaction mixture led to deposition of organic and inorganic solid residues on the catalyst surface, blocking the active sites. Under the conditions of this study, the addition of 30 mg of NaOH maintained the basicity of the system and diminished deposition of solid residues on the catalyst samples, and almost 100% detoxification was reached after a 3 h reaction.