Open Access

Nature Communications, volume 12, issue 1, publication number 1481

Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Kimmo Eriksson ^{1, 2}

Pontus Strimling ³

Michele Gelfand ⁴

Junhui Wu ⁵

Jered Abernathy ⁶

Charity S. Akotia ⁷

Alisher Aldashev ⁸

Per A Andersson ^{1, 9}

Giulia Andrighetto ^{2, 3, 10}

Adote Anum ⁷

Gizem Arikan ¹¹

Zeynep Aycan ¹²

Fatemeh Bagherian ¹³

Davide Barrera ¹⁴

Dana M. Basnight-Brown ¹⁵

Birzhan Batkeyev ¹⁶

Anabel Belaus ^{17, 18}

Elizaveta Berezina ¹⁹

Marie Björnstjerna ³

Sheyla Blumen ²⁰

Paweł Boski ²¹

Fouad Bou Zeineddine ²²

Inna Bovina ²³

Bui Thi Thu Huyen ²⁴

Juan Cardenas ²⁵

Đorđe Čekrlija ²⁶

Hoon Seok Choi ²⁷

Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez ²⁸

Rui Costa-Lopes ²⁹

Mícheál de Barra ³⁰

Piyanjali De Zoysa ³¹

Angela Dorrough ³²

Nikolay Dvorianchikov ²³

Anja Eller ³³

J. B. Engelmann ³⁴

Hyun Euh ³⁵

Xia Fang ³⁶

Susann Fiedler ³⁷

Olivia Foster-Gimbel ³⁸

Márta Fülöp ^{39, 40}

Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir ⁴¹

Colin Mathew Hugues Desaguliers Gill ¹⁹

Andreas Glöckner ^{32, 37}

Sylvie Graf ⁴²

Ani Grigoryan ⁴³

Vladimir Gritskov ⁴⁴

Katarzyna Growiec ²¹

Peter Halama ⁴⁵

Andree Hartanto ⁴⁶

Tim Hopthrow ⁴⁷

Martina Hřebı́čková ⁴²

Dzintra Iliško ⁴⁸

Hirotaka Imada ⁴⁷

Hansika Kapoor ⁴⁹

Kerry Kawakami ³⁶

Narine Khachatryan ⁴³

Natalia Kharchenko ⁵⁰

Ninetta Khoury ⁵¹

Toko Kiyonari ⁵²

Michal Kohút ⁵³

Linh Le Thuy ⁵⁴

Lisa M. Leslie ³⁸

Yang Li ^{55, 56}

Norman P Li ⁴⁶

Zhuo Li ⁵⁷

Kadi Liik ⁵⁸

Angela T. Maitner ⁵⁹

Bernardo Manhique ⁶⁰

Harry Manley ⁶¹

Imed Medhioub ⁶²

Sari Mentser ⁶³

Linda Mohammed ⁶⁴

Pegah Nejat ¹³

Orlando Nipassa ⁶⁰

Ravit Nussinson ^{63, 65}

Nneoma G Onyedire ⁶⁶

Ike E. Onyishi ⁶⁶

Seniha Özden ¹²

Penny Panagiotopoulou ⁶⁷

Lorena R Pérez Floriano ⁶⁸

Minna S Persson ³

Mpho Pheko ⁶⁹

Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman ⁷⁰

Marianna Pogosyan ⁷¹

Jana Raver ⁷²

Cecilia Reyna ¹⁷

Ricardo Borges Rodrigues ⁷³

Sara Romano ⁷⁴

Pedro P Romero ⁷⁵

Inari Sakki ⁷⁶

Alvaro San Martin ⁷⁷

Sara Sherbaji ⁵⁹

Hiroshi Shimizu ⁷⁸

Brent Simpson ⁶

Erna Szabò ⁷⁹

KOSUKE TAKEMURA ⁸⁰

Hassan Tieffi ⁸¹

Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira ⁸²

Napoj Thanomkul ⁶¹

Habib Tiliouine ⁸³

Giovanni A. Travaglino ^{47, 84}

Yannis Tsirbas ⁸⁵

Richard Wan ⁷⁹

Sita Widodo ⁸⁶

Rizqy Amelia Zein ⁸⁶

Qing Peng Zhang ⁸⁷

Lina Zirganou Kazolea ⁸⁵

Paul A. M. van Lange ⁸⁸

Show full list: 108 authors

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Center for Cultural Evolution, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden |

Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden |

Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden |

⁴

Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College park, USA |

⁵

CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China |

⁶

Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA |

⁷

Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana |

⁸

New School of Economics, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan |

⁹

Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping university, Linköping, Sweden |

¹⁰

Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy |

¹¹

Department of Political Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland |

¹²

Koç University, Rumelifeneri, Sarıyer Rumelifeneri Yolu, Istanbul, Turkey |

¹³

Department of Psychology and Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran |

¹⁴

University of Turin and Collegio Carlo Alberto, Turin, Italy |

¹⁵

United States International University – Africa, Nairobi, Kenya |

¹⁶

International School of Economics, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan |

¹⁷

Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, República Argentina |

¹⁸

Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Facultad de Psicología (UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, Bv. de la Reforma esquina, Enfermera Gordillo s/n, Córdoba, Argentina |

¹⁹

Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia |

²⁰

Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, Peru |

²¹

SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland |

²²

Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria |

²³

Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia

²⁴

Hanoi National University of Education, Cau Giay District, Vietnam |

²⁵

Universidad de los Andes, Colombia, Bogota, Colombia |

²⁶

Faculty of philosophy, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina |

²⁷

Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea |

²⁸

Departamento de Sociología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico |

²⁹

Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal |

³⁰

Center for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK |

³¹

Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka |

³²

Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany |

³³

Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 3004, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico |

³⁴

Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |

³⁵

Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA |

³⁶

Department Of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada |

³⁷

Max Planck Institute For Research On Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany |

³⁸

New York University, Stern School of Business, New York, USA |

³⁹

Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary |

⁴⁰

Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Budapest, Hungary |

⁴¹

Department of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland |

⁴²

Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic |

⁴³

Department of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia |

⁴⁴

Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia |

⁴⁵

Center for Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia |

⁴⁶

School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore |

⁴⁷

School of Psychology, University of Kent, canterbury, UK |

⁴⁸

Daugavpils University, Daugvapils, Latvia |

⁴⁹

Department of Psychology, Mumbai, India |

⁵⁰

Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, Kyiv, Ukraine |

⁵¹

Future Minds Gifted Centre, Lima, Peru |

⁵²

Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara-city, Japan |

⁵³

Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia |

⁵⁴

National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam |

⁵⁵

Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan |

⁵⁶

Melbourne School of Psychological Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia |

⁵⁷

Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada |

⁵⁸

School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia |

⁵⁹

Department of International Studies, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates |

⁶⁰

Eduardo Mondlane University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, Maputo, Mozambique |

⁶¹

Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand |

⁶²

Department of Finance and Investment, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |

⁶³

The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel |

⁶⁴

Institute of Criminology and Public Safety, Valsayn Campus, Graver Road, Valsayn, University of Trinidad and Tobago, Arima, Trinidad and Tobago |

⁶⁵

University of Haifa, Haifa, ISRAEL |

⁶⁶

Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria |

⁶⁷

Department of Education and Social Work, University of Patras, Rion, Greece |

⁶⁸

Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile |

⁶⁹

Department of Psychology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana |

⁷⁰

University of Helsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology, Helsinki, Finland |

⁷¹

Politics, Psychology, Law and Economics (PPLE), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |

⁷²

Queen’s University, Goodes Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada |

⁷³

Instituto Universitário de Lisboa ISCTE-IUL, CIS, Lisbon, Portugal |

⁷⁴

Department of Culture, Politics and Society, University of Turin, Turin, Italy |

⁷⁵

Experimental and Computational Economics Lab (ECEL), School of Economics, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador |

⁷⁶

University of Eastern Finland, Department of Social Sciences, Kuopio, Finland |

⁷⁷

IESE Business School, Madrid, Spain |

⁷⁸

Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan |

⁷⁹

Department of International Management, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria |

⁸⁰

Faculty of Economics, Shiga University, Hikone, Japan |

⁸¹

Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan, Centre Ivoirien d’Etude et de Recherche en Psychologie Appliquée (CIERPA), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire |

⁸²

Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Business Administration Postgraduate Program, São Paulo, Brazil |

⁸³

Labo-PECS, Faculty of Social Sciences, Université d’Oran 2, Oran, Algeria |

⁸⁴

School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, P. R. China |

⁸⁵

University of Athens, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Athens, Greece |

⁸⁶

Department of Personality and Social Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia |

⁸⁷

Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China |

⁸⁸

VU Amsterdam, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (IBBA), Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2021-03-05

Springer Nature

Journal: Nature Communications

scimago Q1

SJR: 4.887

CiteScore: 24.9

Impact factor: 14.7

ISSN: 20411723

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21602-9

Copy DOI

General Chemistry

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

General Physics and Astronomy

Abstract

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about people’s preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in people’s perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.

Found

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