Nature

, volume 604 , issue 7906 , pages 525-533

Brain charts for the human lifespan

R A I Bethlehem ^{1, 2}

J Seidlitz ^{3, 4, 5}

S. R. White ^{6, 7}

J. W. Vogel ^{3, 8}

K. M. ANDERSON ⁹

C. ADAMSON ^{10, 11}

S. Adler ¹²

G. S. Alexopoulos ¹³

E. Anagnostou ^{14, 15}

A Areces Gonzalez ^{16, 17}

D E Astle ¹⁸

B Auyeung ^{1, 19}

M. Ayub ^{20, 21}

J Bae ²²

G BALL ^{10, 23}

S. Baron-Cohen ^{1, 24}

R Beare ^{10, 11}

S A Bedford ¹

V. Benegal ²⁵

F. Beyer ²⁶

J Blangero ²⁷

M Blesa Cábez ²⁸

J P Boardman ²⁸

M Borzage ²⁹

J F Bosch Bayard ^{30, 31}

N Bourke ^{32, 33}

V D Calhoun ³⁴

M M Chakravarty ^{31, 35}

C. Chen ³⁶

C Chertavian ⁵

G. Chetelat ³⁷

Y. S. Chong ^{38, 39}

Cole J H ^{40, 41}

A. Corvin ⁴²

M Costantino ^{43, 44}

E. Courchesne ^{45, 46}

F. Crivello ⁴⁷

V L Cropley ⁴⁸

J. Crosbie ⁴⁹

N. Crossley ^{50, 51, 52}

M. Delarue ³⁷

R. Delorme ^{53, 54}

S Desrivieres ⁵⁵

G A Devenyi ^{56, 57}

M A Di Biase ^{48, 58}

R. Dolan ^{59, 60}

K A Donald ^{61, 62}

G. Donohoe ⁶³

K Dunlop ⁶⁴

A. D. Edwards ^{65, 66, 67}

J T Elison ⁶⁸

C T Ellis ^{9, 69}

J A Elman ⁷⁰

L Eyler ^{71, 72}

D A Fair ⁶⁸

E Feczko ⁶⁸

P. C. Fletcher ^{73, 74}

P. Fonagy ^{75, 76}

C. E. Franz ⁷⁰

L Galan Garcia ⁷⁷

A Gholipour ⁷⁸

J Giedd ^{79, 80}

J. H. Gilmore ⁸¹

D.C. Glahn ^{82, 83}

I. M. Goodyer ⁶

P E Grant ⁸⁴

N A Groenewold ^{62, 85}

F M Gunning ¹³

R E Gur ^{3, 5}

R. C. Gur ^{3, 5}

C F Hammill ^{49, 86}

O. Hansson ^{87, 88}

T. Hedden ^{89, 90}

A. HEINZ ⁹¹

R. N. Henson ^{6, 18}

K Heuer ^{92, 93}

J. Hoare ⁹⁴

B Holla ^{95, 96}

A. J. Holmes ⁹⁷

R Holt ¹

H. Huang ^{98, 99}

K. Im ^{82, 84}

J Ipser ¹⁰⁰

C. R. Jack ¹⁰¹

A P Jackowski ^{102, 103}

T. Jia ^{104, 105, 106}

K A Johnson ^{83, 107, 108, 109}

P. B. Jones ^{6, 74}

D. T. JONES ^{101, 110}

R. S. KAHN ¹¹¹

H Karlsson ^{112, 113}

L. Karlsson ^{112, 113}

R. Kawashima ¹¹⁴

E. A. Kelley ¹¹⁵

S. Kern ^{116, 117}

K W Kim ^{118, 119, 120, 121}

M. G. Kitzbichler ^{2, 6}

W. S. Kremen ⁷⁰

F Lalonde ¹²²

B. Landeau ³⁷

S ( Lee ¹²³

J Lerch ^{86, 124, 125}

J. D. LEWIS ¹²⁶

J. Li ¹²⁷

W Liao ¹²⁷

C. Liston ¹²⁸

M V Lombardo ^{1, 129}

J. Lv ^{48, 130}

C Lynch ⁶⁴

T T Mallard ¹³¹

M. Marcelis ^{132, 133}

R D Markello ¹³⁴

S R Mathias ⁸²

B Mazoyer ^{47, 135}

P. McGuire ⁵¹

M.J. Meaney ^{135, 136}

A. Mechelli ¹³⁷

N. Medic ⁶

B. Misic ¹³⁴

S. E. Morgan ^{6, 138, 139}

D Mothersill ^{140, 141, 142}

J Nigg ¹⁴³

M Q W Ong ¹⁴⁴

C Ortinau ¹⁴⁵

R. Ossenkoppele ^{146, 147}

M. Ouyang ⁹⁸

L Palaniyappan ¹⁴⁸

L Paly ³⁷

P M Pan ^{149, 150}

C. Pantelis ^{151, 152, 153}

M M Park ¹⁵⁴

T. Paus ^{155, 156}

Z Pausova ^{49, 157}

D Paz Linares ^{16, 158}

A Pichet Binette ^{159, 160}

K Pierce ⁴⁵

X Qian ¹⁴⁴

J. Qiu ¹⁶¹

A. Qiu ¹⁶²

A Raznahan ¹²²

T Rittman ¹⁶³

A Rodrigue ⁸²

C K Rollins ^{164, 165}

R Romero Garcia ^{6, 166}

L. Ronan ⁶

M.D. Rosenberg ¹⁶⁷

D.H. Rowitch ¹⁶⁸

G A Salum ^{169, 170}

T D Satterthwaite ^{3, 8}

H. L. Schaare ^{171, 172}

R J Schachar ⁴⁹

A. P. Schultz ^{83, 107, 173}

G. Schumann ^{174, 175}

M. SCHOLL ^{176, 177, 178}

D. Sharp ^{32, 179}

R. T. Shinohara ^{36, 180}

I. Skoog ^{116, 117}

C D Smyser ¹⁸¹

R. A. Sperling ^{83, 107, 108}

D. J. Stein ¹⁸²

A Stolicyn ¹⁸³

J. Suckling ^{6, 74}

G. Sullivan ²⁸

Y. Taki ¹¹⁴

B. Thyreau ¹¹⁴

R. Toro ^{93, 184}

N Traut ^{184, 185}

K. A. Tsvetanov ^{163, 186}

N B Turk Browne ^{9, 187}

J J Tuulari ^{112, 188, 189}

C. Tzourio ¹⁹⁰

É Vachon Presseau ¹⁹¹

M J Valdes Sosa ⁷⁷

P A Valdes Sosa ^{127, 192}

S L Valk ^{193, 194}

T van Amelsvoort ¹⁹⁵

S N Vandekar ^{196, 197}

L Vasung ¹³⁴

L W Victoria ¹³

S. Villeneuve ^{134, 159, 160}

A Villringer ^{26, 198}

P E Vértes ^{6, 139}

K Wagstyl ⁶⁰

Y. S. Wang ^{199, 200, 201, 202}

S K Warfield ⁷⁸

V Warrier ⁶

E. Westman ²⁰³

M L Westwater ⁶

H C Whalley ¹⁸³

A. V. Witte ^{26, 198, 204}

N. Yang ^{199, 200, 201, 202}

B Yeo ^{205, 206, 207, 208}

H. YUN ⁸⁴

A Zalesky ^{48, 209}

H.J. Zar ⁸⁵

A Zettergren ¹¹⁶

J. H. ZHOU ^{144, 205, 210}

H Ziauddeen ^{6, 74, 211}

A Zugman ^{150, 212, 213}

X N Zuo ^{199, 200, 201, 202, 214}

C. Rowe ⁶

G B Frisoni ^{3, 4, 5}

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 214 affiliations

Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA |

⁴

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA |

⁵

Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, USA |

⁶

Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

⁷

MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

⁸

Lifespan Informatics & Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA |

⁹

Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, USA |

¹⁰

Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia |

¹¹

Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia |

¹²

UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, London, UK |

¹³

Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA |

¹⁴

Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |

¹⁵

Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada |

¹⁶

The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China |

¹⁷

University of Pinar del Río “Hermanos Saiz Montes de Oca”, Pinar del Río, Cuba |

¹⁸

MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

¹⁹

Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK |

²⁰

Queen’s University, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston, Canada |

²¹

University College London, Mental Health Neuroscience Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, London, UK |

²²

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea |

²³

Department Of Paediatrics, University Of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia |

²⁴

Cambridge Lifetime Asperger Syndrome Service (CLASS), Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK |

²⁵

Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India |

²⁶

Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany |

²⁷

Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA |

²⁸

MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK |

²⁹

Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA

University of Southern California

Children's Hospital Los Angeles

³⁰

McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada |

³¹

McGill University, Montreal, CANADA |

³²

Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK |

³³

Care Research and Technology Centre, Dementia Research Institute, London, UK |

³⁴

Tri-institutional center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, USA

Georgia Institute of technology

Georgia State University

Emory University

³⁵

Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada |

³⁶

Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA |

³⁷

Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND “Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders”, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France

French Institute of Health and Medical Research

University of Caen Normandy

³⁸

Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore

Agency for Science, Technology and Research

Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences

³⁹

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |

⁴⁰

Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK |

⁴¹

Dementia Research Centre (DRC), University College London, London, UK |

⁴²

Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland |

⁴³

Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada |

⁴⁴

Undergraduate program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada |

⁴⁵

Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA |

⁴⁶

Autism Center of Excellence, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA |

⁴⁷

Institute of Neurodegenerative Disorders, CNRS UMR5293, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France |

⁴⁸

Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia |

⁴⁹

the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada |

⁵⁰

Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile |

⁵¹

Department of Psychosis studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK |

⁵²

Instituto Milenio Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile |

⁵³

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France |

⁵⁴

Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France |

⁵⁵

Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’S College London, London, UK |

⁵⁶

Cerebral Imaging Centre, McGill Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada |

⁵⁷

Department of psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada |

⁵⁸

Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

Harvard University

Brigham and Women's Hospital

⁵⁹

Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK |

⁶⁰

Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, UK |

⁶¹

Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa |

⁶²

Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa |

⁶³

Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland |

⁶⁴

Weil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA |

⁶⁵

Centre for the Developing Brain, King’s College London, London, UK |

⁶⁶

Evelina London Children’s Hospital, London, UK |

⁶⁷

MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, London, UK |

⁶⁸

Institute of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA |

⁶⁹

Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, USA |

⁷⁰

Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA |

⁷¹

Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, USA |

⁷²

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, USA |

⁷³

Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, and Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK

University of Cambridge

NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre

⁷⁴

Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK |

⁷⁵

Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK |

⁷⁶

Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK |

⁷⁷

Cuban Center for Neuroscience, La Habana, Cuba |

⁷⁸

Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA |

⁷⁹

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA |

⁸⁰

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA |

⁸¹

Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA |

⁸²

Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

Harvard University

Boston Children's Hospital

⁸³

HARVARD Medical school, Boston, USA |

⁸⁴

Division of Newborn Medicine and Neuroradiology, Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

Harvard University

Boston Children's Hospital

⁸⁵

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa |

⁸⁶

Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto, Canada |

⁸⁷

Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden |

⁸⁸

Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden |

⁸⁹

Department Of Neurology, Icahn School Of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA |

⁹⁰

Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

Harvard University

Massachusetts General Hospital

⁹¹

Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany

Humboldt University of Berlin

Free University of Berlin

Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin

⁹²

Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany |

⁹³

Université de paris, Paris, France |

⁹⁴

Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa |

⁹⁵

Department of Integrative Medicine, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India |

⁹⁶

Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India |

⁹⁷

Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, USA |

⁹⁸

Radiology Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA |

⁹⁹

The Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA |

¹⁰⁰

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa |

¹⁰¹

Department of radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA |

¹⁰²

Department of Psychiatry, Universidade federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil |

¹⁰³

National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, Beijing, China |

¹⁰⁴

Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China |

¹⁰⁵

Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and BrainInspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China |

¹⁰⁶

Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, UK |

¹⁰⁷

Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA

Harvard University

Massachusetts General Hospital

¹⁰⁸

Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA |

¹⁰⁹

Department Of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA |

¹¹⁰

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA |

¹¹¹

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, USA |

¹¹²

Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland |

¹¹³

Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland |

¹¹⁴

Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan |

¹¹⁵

Queen’s University, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston, Canada |

¹¹⁶

Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden |

¹¹⁷

Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden |

¹¹⁸

Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea |

¹¹⁹

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea |

¹²⁰

Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea |

¹²¹

Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, South Korea |

¹²²

Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA |

¹²³

Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea |

¹²⁴

Department of Medical Biophysics, University Of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |

¹²⁵

Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK |

¹²⁶

Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

McGill University

Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital

¹²⁷

The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China |

¹²⁸

Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA |

¹²⁹

Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy |

¹³⁰

School of Biomedical Engineering and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia |

¹³¹

Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, USA |

¹³²

Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands |

¹³³

Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, the Netherlands |

¹³⁴

McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

McGill University

Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital

¹³⁵

Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada |

¹³⁶

Singapore Institute For Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore |

¹³⁷

Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France |

¹³⁸

Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

¹³⁹

The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK |

¹⁴⁰

Department of Psychology, School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland |

¹⁴¹

School of Psychology and Center for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland |

¹⁴²

Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland |

¹⁴³

Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA |

¹⁴⁴

Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |

¹⁴⁵

Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA |

¹⁴⁶

Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Amsterdam University Medical Center

Amsterdam Neuroscience

¹⁴⁷

Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden |

¹⁴⁸

Robarts Research Institute and The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada |

¹⁴⁹

Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Poalo (UNIFESP), Sao Poalo, Brazil |

¹⁵⁰

National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Sao Poalo, Brazil |

¹⁵¹

Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia |

¹⁵²

Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia |

¹⁵³

Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia |

¹⁵⁴

Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada |

¹⁵⁵

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada |

¹⁵⁶

Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |

¹⁵⁷

Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |

¹⁵⁸

Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba |

¹⁵⁹

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada |

¹⁶⁰

Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada |

¹⁶¹

School of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China |

¹⁶²

Department of Biomedical Engineering, The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |

¹⁶³

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

¹⁶⁴

Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA |

¹⁶⁵

Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA |

¹⁶⁶

Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Seville, Spain

Universidad de Sevilla

Institute of Biomedicine of Seville

¹⁶⁷

Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA |

¹⁶⁸

Department of Paediatrics and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

¹⁶⁹

Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil |

¹⁷⁰

National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil |

¹⁷¹

Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany |

¹⁷²

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany |

¹⁷³

Athinoula A. Martinos Center For Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA |

¹⁷⁴

Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China |

¹⁷⁵

PONS-Centre, Charite Mental Health, Dept of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany |

¹⁷⁶

Wallenberg Centre for molecular and translational medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden |

¹⁷⁷

Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden |

¹⁷⁸

Dementia Research Centre, Queen’s Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK |

¹⁷⁹

Care Research and Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK |

¹⁸⁰

Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA |

¹⁸¹

Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA |

¹⁸²

SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa |

¹⁸³

Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK |

¹⁸⁴

Department of Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France |

¹⁸⁵

Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France |

¹⁸⁶

Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

¹⁸⁷

Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA |

¹⁸⁸

Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland |

¹⁸⁹

Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland |

¹⁹⁰

Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

French Institute of Health and Medical Research

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux

¹⁹¹

Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada |

¹⁹²

Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain (AECRP), McGill University, Montreal, Canada |

¹⁹³

Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine 7, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany |

¹⁹⁴

Max Planck Institute For Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany |

¹⁹⁵

Department of Psychiatry and Neurosychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands |

¹⁹⁶

Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA |

¹⁹⁷

Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA |

¹⁹⁸

Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany |

¹⁹⁹

State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China |

²⁰⁰

Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China |

²⁰¹

National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, China |

²⁰²

Research Center for Lifespan Development of Brain and Mind, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China |

²⁰³

Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden |

²⁰⁴

Faculty of Medicine, CRC 1052 ‘Obesity Mechanisms’, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany |

²⁰⁵

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |

²⁰⁶

Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |

²⁰⁷

N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |

²⁰⁸

Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |

²⁰⁹

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia |

²¹⁰

Center for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |

²¹¹

Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

²¹²

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA |

²¹³

Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil |

²¹⁴

Key Laboratory of Brain and Education, School of Education Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2022-04-06

Springer Nature

Nature

scimago Q1

wos Q1

SJR: 18.288

CiteScore: 78.1

Impact factor: 48.5

ISSN: 00280836, 14764687

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y

Copy DOI

PubMed ID: 35388223

Multidisciplinary

Abstract

Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data ( http://www.brainchart.io/ ). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes. MRI data from more than 100 studies have been aggregated to yield new insights about brain development and ageing, and create an interactive open resource for comparison of brain structures throughout the human lifespan, including those associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Found

4 citations

Palaniyappan Lena

316 publications, 9 508 citations, 95 reviews

h-index: 50

McGill University

Douglas Mental Health University Institute

3 citations

Bozek Jelena

29 publications, 1 552 citations, 67 reviews

h-index: 15

3 citations

Fan Yun-Shuang

22 publications, 204 citations, 5 reviews

h-index: 7

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

2 citations

Martins Daniel

90 publications, 1 435 citations, 40 reviews

h-index: 21

King's College London

Geneva University Hospitals

NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre

2 citations

Travers Áine

2 publications, 8 citations

h-index: 2

Research interests

Deep learning

2 citations

Nivins Samson

28 publications, 164 citations, 51 reviews

h-index: 8

Karolinska Institute

1 citation

Kremneva Elena

DSc in Health sciences

92 publications, 483 citations, 2 reviews

h-index: 11

Russian Center for Neurology and Neurosciences

Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department

Research interests

Brain plasticity

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Medicine

Neuroscience

1 citation

Krotenkova M

DSc in Health sciences, associate professor

125 publications, 427 citations

h-index: 11

Russian Center for Neurology and Neurosciences

1 citation

Schoellhorn Wolfgang

61 publications, 896 citations, 7 reviews

h-index: 15

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

1 citation

Riggins Tracy

20 publications, 428 citations, 12 reviews

h-index: 9

University of Maryland, College Park

1 citation

Han Zaizhu

4 publications, 2 citations, 1 review

h-index: 2

Beijing Normal University

1 citation

Mingming Hu

21 publications, 325 citations

h-index: 8

Sichuan University

Soochow University (Suzhou)

Beijing Normal University

Top-30

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Bethlehem R. A. I. et al. Brain charts for the human lifespan // Nature. 2022. Vol. 604. No. 7906. pp. 525-533.

GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy

Bethlehem R. A. I. et al. Brain charts for the human lifespan // Nature. 2022. Vol. 604. No. 7906. pp. 525-533.

RIS |

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RIS

BibTex |

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BibTex (up to 50 authors) Copy

@article{2022_Bethlehem,

author = {R A I Bethlehem and J Seidlitz and S. R. White and J. W. Vogel and K. M. ANDERSON and C. ADAMSON and S. Adler and G. S. Alexopoulos and E. Anagnostou and A Areces Gonzalez and D E Astle and B Auyeung and M. Ayub and J Bae and G BALL and S. Baron-Cohen and R Beare and S A Bedford and V. Benegal and F. Beyer and J Blangero and M Blesa Cábez and J P Boardman and M Borzage and J F Bosch Bayard and N Bourke and V D Calhoun and M M Chakravarty and C. Chen and C Chertavian and G. Chetelat and Y. S. Chong and Cole J H and A. Corvin and M Costantino and E. Courchesne and F. Crivello and V L Cropley and J. Crosbie and N. Crossley and M. Delarue and R. Delorme and S Desrivieres and G A Devenyi and M A Di Biase and R. Dolan and K A Donald and G. Donohoe and K Dunlop and A. D. Edwards and others},

title = {Brain charts for the human lifespan},

journal = {Nature},

year = {2022},

volume = {604},

publisher = {Springer Nature},

month = {apr},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y},

number = {7906},

pages = {525--533},

doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y}

}

MLA

Cite this

MLA Copy

Bethlehem, R. A. I., et al. “Brain charts for the human lifespan.” Nature, vol. 604, no. 7906, Apr. 2022, pp. 525-533. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y.

Publisher

Springer Nature

Journal

Nature

scimago Q1

wos Q1

SJR

18.288

CiteScore

78.1

Impact factor

48.5

ISSN

00280836 (Print)

14764687 (Electronic)

Profiles

Lena Palaniyappan