Methodological optimization for efficient degradation of Acid Violet 49 using advanced oxidation processes and varied photocatalyst combinations

This study investigates the photodegradation of Acid Violet 49 in an aqueous medium under UV, UV/H₂O_2, and combined with photo catalyst (UV/H₂O₂/TiO₂, UV/H₂O₂/ZnO, and UV/H₂O₂/SnO₂). The impact of all operational parameters including catalytic dosage, peroxidation (H₂O₂), pH and dye concentration were evaluated. The degradation efficiency of AV49 was enhanced up to 96% with the alternative photocatalyst UV/H₂O₂/ZnO under the circumstances of 0.6mL H₂O₂, 0.9 g ZnO, 50 mg/L initial dye concentration, and pH 9 after 90 min. Hemolytic test were used to check the toxicity level of products. FTIR spectroscopy of UV/ZnO/H₂O₂ was applied to identify the functional group of AV49 before and end product of the degradation. Moreover, the analytical technique LC-MS provided valuable information regarding the degradation products of AV 49. A proposed pathway was identified based on the findings of the degradation product.