Open Access

Scientific Reports, volume 10, issue 1, publication number 18410

Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte

Maryam Golozar ^{1, 2}

Andrea Paolella ¹

Hendrix Demers ¹

Sylvio Savoie ¹

Gabriel Girard ¹

Nicolas Delaporte ¹

Raynald Gauvin ²

Abdelbast Guerfi ¹

Henning Lorrmann ³

Karim Zaghib ¹

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 3 affiliations

Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Canada |

Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada |

Fraunhofer-Institut Für Silicatforschung ISC, Würzburg, Germany |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2020-10-27

Springer Nature

Journal: Scientific Reports

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor: 4.6

ISSN: 20452322, 20452322

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75456-0

Copy DOI

Multidisciplinary

Abstract

Dendrite formation, which could cause a battery short circuit, occurs in batteries that contain lithium metal anodes. In order to suppress dendrite growth, the use of electrolytes with a high shear modulus is suggested as an ionic conductive separator in batteries. One promising candidate for this application is Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) because it has excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. In this work, in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was employed to monitor the interface behavior between lithium metal and LLZO electrolyte during cycling with pressure. Using the obtained SEM images, videos were created that show the inhomogeneous dissolution and deposition of lithium, which induce dendrite growth. The energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses of dendrites indicate the presence of Li, C, and O elements. Moreover, the cross-section mapping comparison of the LLZO shows the inhomogeneous distribution of La, Zr, and C after cycling that was caused by lithium loss near the Li electrode and possible side reactions. This work demonstrates the morphological and chemical evolution that occurs during cycling in a symmetrical Li–Li cell that contains LLZO. Although the superior mechanical properties of LLZO make it an excellent electrolyte candidate for batteries, the further improvement of the electrochemical stabilization of the garnet–lithium metal interface is suggested.

By date By citations

Top-30

Citations by journals

	1 2 3 4 5
ACS Applied Energy Materials	ACS Applied Energy Materials, 5, 9.62% ACS Applied Energy Materials 5 publications, 9.62%
Journal of Materials Chemistry A	Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3, 5.77% Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3 publications, 5.77%
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry	Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2, 3.85% Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 2 publications, 3.85%
Materials Today Energy	Materials Today Energy, 2, 3.85% Materials Today Energy 2 publications, 3.85%
Energy Storage Materials	Energy Storage Materials, 2, 3.85% Energy Storage Materials 2 publications, 3.85%
Small	Small, 2, 3.85% Small 2 publications, 3.85%
Materials	Materials, 2, 3.85% Materials 2 publications, 3.85%
ACS Energy Letters	ACS Energy Letters, 2, 3.85% ACS Energy Letters 2 publications, 3.85%
Chemistry of Materials	Chemistry of Materials, 2, 3.85% Chemistry of Materials 2 publications, 3.85%
Advanced Functional Materials	Advanced Functional Materials, 2, 3.85% Advanced Functional Materials 2 publications, 3.85%
Nature Energy	Nature Energy, 1, 1.92% Nature Energy 1 publication, 1.92%
Chinese Physics Letters	Chinese Physics Letters, 1, 1.92% Chinese Physics Letters 1 publication, 1.92%
Advanced Energy Materials	Advanced Energy Materials, 1, 1.92% Advanced Energy Materials 1 publication, 1.92%
Inorganics	Inorganics, 1, 1.92% Inorganics 1 publication, 1.92%
Materials Today	Materials Today, 1, 1.92% Materials Today 1 publication, 1.92%
Chinese Chemical Letters	Chinese Chemical Letters, 1, 1.92% Chinese Chemical Letters 1 publication, 1.92%
Chemical Engineering Journal	Chemical Engineering Journal, 1, 1.92% Chemical Engineering Journal 1 publication, 1.92%
Computational and Theoretical Chemistry	Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, 1, 1.92% Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 1 publication, 1.92%
Nano Energy	Nano Energy, 1, 1.92% Nano Energy 1 publication, 1.92%
Batteries & Supercaps	Batteries & Supercaps, 1, 1.92% Batteries & Supercaps 1 publication, 1.92%
Materials Horizons	Materials Horizons, 1, 1.92% Materials Horizons 1 publication, 1.92%
ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering	ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 1, 1.92% ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 1 publication, 1.92%
Applied Physics Letters	Applied Physics Letters, 1, 1.92% Applied Physics Letters 1 publication, 1.92%
Materials Futures	Materials Futures, 1, 1.92% Materials Futures 1 publication, 1.92%
ChemSusChem	ChemSusChem, 1, 1.92% ChemSusChem 1 publication, 1.92%
ACS Omega	ACS Omega, 1, 1.92% ACS Omega 1 publication, 1.92%
Advanced Science	Advanced Science, 1, 1.92% Advanced Science 1 publication, 1.92%
ACS Applied Polymer Materials	ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 1, 1.92% ACS Applied Polymer Materials 1 publication, 1.92%
Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research	Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research, 1, 1.92% Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research 1 publication, 1.92%
	1 2 3 4 5

Citations by publishers

	2 4 6 8 10 12
American Chemical Society (ACS)	American Chemical Society (ACS), 12, 23.08% American Chemical Society (ACS) 12 publications, 23.08%
Elsevier	Elsevier, 12, 23.08% Elsevier 12 publications, 23.08%
Wiley	Wiley, 10, 19.23% Wiley 10 publications, 19.23%
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 5, 9.62% Springer Nature 5 publications, 9.62%
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 5, 9.62% Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 5 publications, 9.62%
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 3, 5.77% Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 3 publications, 5.77%
IOP Publishing	IOP Publishing, 2, 3.85% IOP Publishing 2 publications, 3.85%
American Institute of Physics (AIP)	American Institute of Physics (AIP), 1, 1.92% American Institute of Physics (AIP) 1 publication, 1.92%
Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii	Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii, 1, 1.92% Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii 1 publication, 1.92%
	2 4 6 8 10 12

We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
Statistics recalculated weekly.

{"yearsCitations":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[0,0,0,0],"codes":[0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["","","",""],"datasets":[{"label":"Citations number","data":[7,12,20,13],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":["13.46","23.08","38.46","25"],"barThickness":null}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"journals":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["ACS Applied Energy Materials","Journal of Materials Chemistry A","Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","Materials Today Energy","Energy Storage Materials","Small","Materials","ACS Energy Letters","Chemistry of Materials","Advanced Functional Materials","Nature Energy","Chinese Physics Letters","Advanced Energy Materials","Inorganics","Materials Today","Chinese Chemical Letters","Chemical Engineering Journal","Computational and Theoretical Chemistry","Nano Energy","Batteries & Supercaps","Materials Horizons","ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering","Applied Physics Letters","Materials Futures","ChemSusChem","ACS Omega","Advanced Science","ACS Applied Polymer Materials","Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research"],"ids":[6419,14919,10804,15323,3858,9872,25198,9022,6428,7715,13790,22690,22475,4005,5179,20341,16275,12461,23236,26456,826,18886,4202,30861,6896,18901,4130,25373,27494],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ARM4e6URKRsbRZvIF0vFis9DjxGloBjnBYJXbHmZ_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[5,3,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[9.62,5.77,3.85,3.85,3.85,3.85,3.85,3.85,3.85,3.85,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92,1.92],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Journals","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"publishers":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["American Chemical Society (ACS)","Elsevier","Wiley","Springer Nature","Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","IOP Publishing","American Institute of Physics (AIP)","Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii"],"ids":[40,17,11,8,123,202,2075,250,9422],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ARM4e6URKRsbRZvIF0vFis9DjxGloBjnBYJXbHmZ_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/9Mus3KG1Tkd7Bwaurt8H3RwWh0CxRlGoO6ng9UK1_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[12,12,10,5,5,3,2,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[23.08,23.08,19.23,9.62,9.62,5.77,3.85,1.92,1.92],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Publishers","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartiles":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[1,0,0,0],"percentage":["1.92","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[1,1,2,1],"percentage":["1.92","1.92","3.85","1.92"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[5,11,15,12],"percentage":["9.62","21.15","28.85","23.08"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,0,3,0],"percentage":["0","0","5.77","0"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by SCImago per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartilesWs":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,1,1,0],"percentage":["0","1.92","1.92","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[1,0,0,0],"percentage":["1.92","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[2,1,3,1],"percentage":["3.85","1.92","5.77","1.92"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[4,10,13,12],"percentage":["7.69","19.23","25","23.08"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,0,3,0],"percentage":["0","0","5.77","0"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by WoS per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}}}

Are you a researcher?

Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.

Publication PDF

Metrics

Cite this

GOST |

Cite this

GOST Copy

Golozar M. et al. Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte // Scientific Reports. 2020. Vol. 10. No. 1. 18410

GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy

Golozar M., Paolella A., Demers H., Savoie S., Girard G., Delaporte N., Gauvin R., Guerfi A., Lorrmann H., Zaghib K. Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte // Scientific Reports. 2020. Vol. 10. No. 1. 18410

RIS |

Cite this

RIS Copy

TY - JOUR

DO - 10.1038/s41598-020-75456-0

UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75456-0

TI - Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte

T2 - Scientific Reports

AU - Golozar, Maryam

AU - Paolella, Andrea

AU - Demers, Hendrix

AU - Savoie, Sylvio

AU - Girard, Gabriel

AU - Delaporte, Nicolas

AU - Gauvin, Raynald

AU - Guerfi, Abdelbast

AU - Lorrmann, Henning

AU - Zaghib, Karim

PY - 2020

DA - 2020/10/27 00:00:00

PB - Springer Nature

IS - 1

VL - 10

SN - 2045-2322

ER -

BibTex

Cite this

BibTex Copy

@article{2020_Golozar,

author = {Maryam Golozar and Andrea Paolella and Hendrix Demers and Sylvio Savoie and Gabriel Girard and Nicolas Delaporte and Raynald Gauvin and Abdelbast Guerfi and Henning Lorrmann and Karim Zaghib},

title = {Direct observation of lithium metal dendrites with ceramic solid electrolyte},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

year = {2020},

volume = {10},

publisher = {Springer Nature},

month = {oct},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75456-0},

number = {1},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-75456-0}

}

Found error?

Publisher

Springer Nature

Journal

Scientific Reports

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor

4.6

ISSN

20452322 (Print)
20452322 (Electronic)