Autonomous laboratories in China: an embodied intelligence-driven platform to accelerate chemical discovery

The emergence of autonomous laboratories—automated robotic platforms integrated with rapidly advancing artificial intelligence (AI)—is poised to transform research by shifting traditional trial-and-error approaches toward accelerated chemical discovery. These platforms combine AI models, hardware, and software to execute experiments, interact with robotic systems, and manage data, thereby closing the predict-make-measure discovery loop. However, key challenges remain, including how to efficiently achieve autonomous high-throughput experimentation and integrate diverse technologies into cohesive systems. In this perspective, we identify the fundamental elements required for closed-loop autonomous experimentation: chemical science databases, large-scale intelligent models, automated experimental platforms, and integrated management/decision-making systems. Furthermore, with the advancement of AI models, we emphasize the progress from simple iterative-algorithm-driven systems to comprehensive intelligent autonomous systems powered by large-scale models in China, which enable self-driving chemical discovery within individual laboratories. Looking ahead, the development of intelligent autonomous laboratories into a distributed network holds great promise for further accelerating chemical discoveries and fostering innovation on a broader scale.