Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolysers for Green Hydrogen Production

This article presents a comprehensive review of the studies in the domain of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysers, highlighting their integral role in promoting green hydrogen production. Over the past three decades, SOFC technology has seen profound advancements, transitioning from its initial phases to the cusp of commercialisation. The progression of this technology is illuminated through the systematic evolution of international symposia dedicated to SOFCs. These events have chronicled pivotal breakthroughs in materials innovation, a deepened understanding of electrode reactions, intricate chemical interactions, and the design and efficacy of SOFC configurations, from individual cells to complex multi-cell assemblies and integrated power systems. Concurrently, the studies shed light on the potential of solid oxide electrolyser technology in addressing the challenges posed by the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind. Operating at temperatures surpassing 600°C, these electrolysers adeptly decompose water and/or carbon dioxide into chemical fuels, capitalising on both thermodynamic and kinetic advantages. The review concludes with the findings of the exploration of nuclear power’s capability in championing high-temperature steam electrolysis for sustainable hydrogen production, encompassing a thorough analysis of material innovations, degradation mechanisms, and strategies to offset such deteriorations.