Applied Physics Letters, volume 126, issue 9

Energy efficiency of 100 fJ/bit for bit rates beyond 50 Gb/s for 940 nm single mode VCSELs

Mansoor A. Maricar ^{1, 2}

Ilya A. Derebezov ¹

Zi-Heng Zhou ^{1, 2}

Yu-Hao Wang ^{1, 2}

Georgiy A Sapunov ¹

Sicong Tian ^{1, 3}

D. Bimberg ^{1, 3}

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Bimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics & Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Changchun 130033,

The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , Beijing 100049,

Center of Nanophotonics, Institute of Solid-State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin 3 , Hardenbergstr. 36, Berlin D-10632,

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2025-03-01

AIP Publishing

Journal: Applied Physics Letters

scimago Q1

SJR: 0.976

CiteScore: 6.4

Impact factor: 3.5

ISSN: 00036951, 10773118

DOI: 10.1063/5.0247380

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Abstract

We demonstrate major advancements in the energy efficiency of single mode, oxide-confined, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers at 940 nm wavelength, being promising for optical interconnects. We were able to show error-free operation (Bit Error Rate of 10exp -12) at 50 Gb/s and at 60 Gb/s, for Non-Return-to-Zero modulation across 100 m of multimode optical fiber with an energy efficiency of 98/168 fJ/bit, respectively. These are presently the most energy-efficient directly modulated light sources available for data transmission.