SPH code development for X-pinch plasma simulation

We have developed the first smoothed particle hydrodynamics code for investigating X-pinch plasmas driven by pulsed power generators. To achieve the required code performance, we incorporated and discussed appropriate physics models capable of simulating the X-pinch phenomenon across various domains, encompassing equation of state, plasma transport, and radiation effects. The simulations were conducted in full three dimensions using our newly developed code, and we have compared and evaluated the results with experimental data obtained from the X-pinch device at Seoul National University. As a result, our simulations effectively captured the implosion behavior of X-pinch plasma, faithfully reproducing the four-step evolution process commonly observed in typical X-pinch configurations. Furthermore, it provided comprehensive spatiotemporal data on various plasma parameters, including density, temperature, velocity field, and radiated power. Notably, the electron temperature and density at the hot spot well agree with the experimental measurements, validating the accuracy and reliability of the developed simulation code. Additionally, the radiation data exhibited significantly improved accuracy compared to previous simulation results, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed radiation model, and it provides valuable insights into the X-pinch hot spot formation.