Channelling flows in the Hunter Valley

The Hunter Valley is well known for the strong westerly winds in winter and elevated fire danger arising from hot and dry north-westerly winds in summer. These hazards are closely related to the valley channelling in the region, and the connection between the two has been an interest to weather forecasters, emergency service personnel, and the aviation industry. In this paper, the climatology of valley winds is constructed to identify the dominant types of channelling in the Hunter Valley and their preferred directions using the 10-year data of Automatic Weather Station observations, upper air sounding and ERA5 reanalysis data between July 2010 and June 2020. Particular attention is given to the conceptual model of pressure-driven channelling of westerlies in winter and its mechanics, as the climatology shows that it is the main cause of wind-warning conditions in the Hunter.