Open Access

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, volume 117, issue 29, pages 16816-16823

Six hundred years of South American tree rings reveal an increase in severe hydroclimatic events since mid-20th century

Mariano S Morales ^{1, 2}

Edward R. Cook ³

Jonathan Barichivich ^{4, 5}

Duncan A. Christie ^{5, 6}

Ricardo Villalba ¹

Carlos LeQuesne ⁵

Ana M Srur ¹

M E Ferrero ¹

Alvaro González Reyes ⁷

Fleur Couvreux ⁸

V. V. Matskovsky ^{1, 9}

Juan C Aravena ¹⁰

Antonio Lara ^{5, 6}

I. A. Mundo ^{1, 11}

F. Rojas ¹

María R Prieto ¹

Jason E. Smerdon ³

Lucas O. Bianchi ^{1, 12}

Mariano H. Masiokas ¹

Rocío Urrutia Jalabert ^{5, 6, 13}

Milagros Rodriguez Caton ^{1, 3}

Ariel A. Muñoz ^{6, 14}

Moises Rojas Badilla ⁵

Claudio Álvarez ⁵

L. López ¹

Brian H. Luckman ¹⁵

D. LISTER ¹⁶

Ian Harris ¹⁶

Philip D. Jones ¹⁶

A P Williams ³

Gonzalo Velazquez ⁵

Diego Aliste ^{5, 6}

Isabella Aguilera Betti ^{14, 17}

E. Marcotti ^{1, 18}

Felipe Flores ⁵

Tomás Muñoz ⁵

Emilio Cuq ⁵

Jose A. Boninsegna ¹

Show full list: 38 authors

Hide authors affiliations

Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Cs. Ambientales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; |

Laboratorio de Dendrocronología, Universidad Continental, 12003 Huancayo, Perú; |

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964-1000; |

⁴

Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS/Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France;

⁵

Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; |

⁶

Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago 8370415, Chile; |

⁷

Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile; |

⁸

Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Université de Toulouse Météo-France CNRS, Toulouse, 31057, France; |

⁹

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia; |

¹⁰

Centro de Investigación Gaia Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 620-0000, Chile; |

¹¹

Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, M5502JMA Mendoza, Argentina; |

¹²

Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina; |

¹³

Instituto Forestal (INFOR), 5090000 Valdivia, Chile; |

¹⁴

Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; |

¹⁵

Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canadá; |

¹⁶

Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; |

¹⁷

Centro Transdisciplinario de Estudios Ambientales y Desarrollo Humano Sostenible, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5091000, Chile; |

¹⁸

Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, 4600 Jujuy, Argentina |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2020-07-06

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

scimago Q1

wos Q1

SJR: 3.737

CiteScore: 19.0

Impact factor: 9.4

ISSN: 00278424, 10916490

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002411117

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Multidisciplinary

Abstract

Significance

The SADA is an annually-resolved hydroclimate atlas in South America that spans the continent south of 12°S from 1400 to 2000 CE. Based on 286 tree ring records and instrumentally-based estimates of soil moisture, the SADA complements six drought atlases worldwide filling a geographical gap in the Southern Hemisphere. Independently validated with historical records, SADA shows that the frequency of widespread severe droughts and extreme pluvials since the 1960s is unprecedented. Major hydroclimate events expressed in the SADA are associated with strong El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) anomalies. Coupled ENSO-SAM anomalies together with subtropical low-level jet intensification due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions may cause more extreme droughts and pluvials in South America during the 21st century.

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