Multielectron storage and hydrogen generation with colloidal semiconductors
Multielectron storage and hydrogen generation by light is achieved in aqueous dispersions of ultrafine TiO 2 particles (120-Å diameter) when the amphiphilic viologen derivative N -tetradecyl- N ′-methyl-4,4′-dipyridinium dichloride (C 14 MV 2+ ) is used as an electron relay. Consecutive reduction of C 14 MV 2+ to the radical ion (C 14 MV + ) and neutral (C 14 MV 0 ) was observed after band-gap excitation of the semiconductor particle. Through surface adsorption of the relay, these electron-transfer reactions can occur very rapidly and are completed within less than 100 μsec (pH 11). Two-electron reduction of C 14 MV 2+ can be coupled with H 2 generation in alkaline medium in the presence of Pt catalyst codeposited onto the TiO 2 particle. Electron-relay-free systems are 1/15th as efficient in producing H 2 at the same pH.
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