Bioconvection in an anisotropic scattering suspension of phototactic algae exposed to diffused sunlight

The onset of phototaxis-driven bioconvection in an anisotropic (forward) scattering algal suspension illuminated from above by diffuse/scattered sunlight is investigated in the proposed work. Linear stability analysis is performed to investigate the onset of bioconvection in the proposed study and the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved using a fourth-order accurate, finite-difference scheme based on the Newton Raphson Kantorovich iteration. The study demonstrates that forward scattering enhances suspension stability, energy transfer to deeper regions resulting significant biomass contribution and variation in it allows the bioconvective solution to shift from mode 1 to mode 2 at fluid dynamic instability. Moreover, the bioconvective flow patterns of the proposed model via perturbed algal concentration are implicated in key ecological phenomena, including blooms. The findings of this study show some resemblance to gyrotactic bioconvection via dismissal of the collimated beam. Furthermore, the outcomes of the proposed work include evidence of some interesting phenomena, such as the existence of limit cycles (and/or orbits) via bifurcation analysis.