Femtosecond laser modification of titanium surfaces: Direct imprinting of hydroxylapatite nanopowder and wettability tuning via surface microstructuring

Femtosecond laser modification of titanium surfaces was performed to produce microstructured hydrophilic and biocompatible surface layers. Biocompatible nano/microcoatings were prepared for the first time by dry femtosecond laser imprinting of hydroxylapatite nano/micropowder onto VT6 titanium surfaces. In these experiments HAP was first deposited onto the titanium surfaces and then softly imprinted by multiple femtosecond laser pulses into the laser-melted surface metal layer. The surface relief was modified at the nano- and microscales depending on the incident laser fluence and sample scanning speed. Wetting tests demonstrated that the wetting properties of the pristine Ti surface can be tuned through its laser modification in both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic directions.