From fibers to fuel cells: advanced nanofiber innovations and perovskite strategies for enhanced SOFC efficiency and stability

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising electrochemical conversion devices due to their high efficiency, wide fuel selection, and potential solutions for environmental problems associated with fuel scarcity and combustion. Over the past decade, extensive research has focused on improving the comprehensive performance of SOFCs in the intermediate temperature range to facilitate their commercialization. The nanoscale microstructure offers promising opportunities for the further development of SOFCs. Besides component optimization, one-dimensional fibrous structured electrodes exhibit outstanding performance, providing new ideas for developing electrode materials suitable for medium to low temperatures. In this review, different nanofibrous structures (simple nanofiber, simple hollow nanofiber, core-shell nanofiber, heterogeneous nanofiber, core-shell hollow nanofiber) are classified, and the effects of these structures on cathode are discussed in detail. Additionally, we present novel modification strategies for the unique fibrous cathode and electrolyte interface, which ensure the durability of the single cell. The current development of nanofibrous cathodes and the interfacial issues between the cathode and electrolyte are also discussed, highlighting the need for careful consideration when applying fibrous cathodes in the future.