Open Access
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, volume 327, issue 1571, pages 501-517
Formation and structure of polymeric carbons
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 1972-04-25
Quartile SCImago
Q1
Quartile WOS
Q2
Impact factor: 3.5
ISSN: 00804630, 09628444, 13645021, 14712946
Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract
Glassy carbon has been prepared in the shape of disk and fibre by direct pyrolysis of a phenolic resin. Carbonization studies indicate that the unique structure of the final glassy carbon is a direct consequence of the production of very stable aromatic ribbon molecules by the coalescence of phenolic polymer chains at an early stage of pyrolysis. It is shown that molecular orientation induced in the initial polymer before pyrolysis is 'memorized’ to some extent after carbonization. Molecular orientation imposed in this type of carbon is not an intrinsic structural feature, but a physical characteristic which can be varied by the formation process or by extension at high temperatures; there is no essential structural difference apart from preferred orientation between polymeric units or microfibrils in well-oriented carbon fibres and isotropic glassy carbon. High resolution electron microscopy confirms this directly. We thus identify a new class of ‘polymeric carbons’, that consist of intertwined microfibrils comprising stacks of narrow graphitic ribbons. The fibrils are held together with covalent interfibrillar links of strength lower than that in the ribbons themselves. A ribbon structure has been proposed previously by Ruland (1971) for the specific case of high modulus carbon fibre. The structure is elaborated and extended here to cover all polymeric carbons and the steps in its development during carbonization are decisively detailed.
Top-30
Citations by journals
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2
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12
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Carbon
11 publications, 11.34%
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Journal of Materials Science
6 publications, 6.19%
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Journal of Applied Physics
4 publications, 4.12%
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Journal of Physical Chemistry A
3 publications, 3.09%
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Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
2 publications, 2.06%
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Materials Transactions
2 publications, 2.06%
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Journal of Materials Research
2 publications, 2.06%
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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes
2 publications, 2.06%
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Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
2 publications, 2.06%
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Journal of the American Ceramic Society
2 publications, 2.06%
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phys stat sol (a)
2 publications, 2.06%
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Surface Science
1 publication, 1.03%
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Electrochimica Acta
1 publication, 1.03%
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Progress in Neurobiology
1 publication, 1.03%
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Chemical Physics Letters
1 publication, 1.03%
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Wear
1 publication, 1.03%
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Physical Review B
1 publication, 1.03%
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Chemistry Letters
1 publication, 1.03%
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NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI
1 publication, 1.03%
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Surface Review and Letters
1 publication, 1.03%
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Textile Reseach Journal
1 publication, 1.03%
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Micromachines
1 publication, 1.03%
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Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
1 publication, 1.03%
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Nature
1 publication, 1.03%
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Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
1 publication, 1.03%
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MRS Proceedings
1 publication, 1.03%
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MRS Advances
1 publication, 1.03%
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Journal of Low Temperature Physics
1 publication, 1.03%
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La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento
1 publication, 1.03%
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2
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10
12
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Citations by publishers
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5
10
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20
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Elsevier
28 publications, 28.87%
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Springer Nature
11 publications, 11.34%
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Taylor & Francis
10 publications, 10.31%
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Wiley
9 publications, 9.28%
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American Chemical Society (ACS)
5 publications, 5.15%
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American Institute of Physics (AIP)
4 publications, 4.12%
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Beilstein-Institut
2 publications, 2.06%
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The Chemical Society of Japan
2 publications, 2.06%
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Japan Institute of Metals and Materials
2 publications, 2.06%
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SAGE
2 publications, 2.06%
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Cambridge University Press
2 publications, 2.06%
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Materials Research Society
2 publications, 2.06%
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Japan Society of Applied Physics
2 publications, 2.06%
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American Physical Society (APS)
1 publication, 1.03%
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World Scientific
1 publication, 1.03%
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
1 publication, 1.03%
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Societa Italiana di Fisica
1 publication, 1.03%
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Polymer Society of Korea
1 publication, 1.03%
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IOP Publishing
1 publication, 1.03%
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American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
1 publication, 1.03%
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Pleiades Publishing
1 publication, 1.03%
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Hindawi Limited
1 publication, 1.03%
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The Carbon Society of Japan
1 publication, 1.03%
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Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
1 publication, 1.03%
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5
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25
30
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- We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.
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