Catheter Probe System with Remotely Located Sensor for Simultaneous Airflow and Pressure Measurement of Exhalation Inside Lung Airway

Respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are among the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Despite their prevalence, current medical practices lack a method to accurately quantify important parameters within specific lesion areas inside the lung. Our study introduces a catheter probe system designed to fill this critical gap. This novel system integrates a basket forceps with two pressure sensors to simultaneously measure exhalation airflow and static pressure within the pulmonary airway. Utilizing a pitot tube mechanism, the pressure sensor modules are located outside the body, minimizing the risk of complications during measurement. Proof of concept experiments were performed using an artificial ventilator resembling the real respiration condition inside the lung airway. Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed concept using a catheter probe of up to 550 mm in length, sufficiently allowing its access to the human pulmonary airway through the mouth. A consistent relation between the dynamic pressure and the mean airflow velocity was obtained independent of the airway size. Local tidal volume measurement was demonstrated at an airway mimicking the 4th branch of bronchi with a 5-mm inner diameter. This innovative approach promises to enhance our understanding and treatment of respiratory diseases by providing detailed insights into lung function previously unattainable through conventional methods.