Red and near-infrared photobiomodulation of MSCs metabolism in 3D conditions

The developing field of tissue engineering and 3D-bioprinting requires novel techniques for the stimulation of cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Photobiomodulation is a perfect candidate here since it is non-invasive, can permeate highly hydrated structures, and was shown to regulate cell physiology in stress conditions. We analyzed the effects of photobiomodulation for the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in 3D constructs.