Asymptomatic uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after cesarean section

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare but important complication of cesarean section (CS). If treated inadequately, it may cause profuse life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage. We report an asymptomatic postpartum woman with uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after CS. We also provide a review of published reports of pseudoaneurysm after CS. A 31-year-old Japanese woman underwent CS, in which the uterine incision was extended laterally. Routine postoperative evaluation with vaginal ultrasound on postpartum day 6 revealed a parauterine mass with a maximum diameter of 49 mm with swirling flow. Selective angiography confirmed this mass as a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm. Uterine artery embolization was performed with success. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm should be listed as a differential diagnosis of pelvic mass after CS.