Label-Free, Single-Molecule Detection with Optical Microcavities

Andrea M Armani ^{1, 2, 3}

Rajan P Kulkarni ^{1, 2, 3}

Scott E. Fraser ^{1, 2, 3}

Richard C. Flagan ^{1, 2, 3}

KERRY J. VAHALA ^{1, 2, 3}

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Department of Applied Physics, MC 128-95, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. |

Division of Biology, MC 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. |

Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MC 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2007-08-10

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Journal: Science

scimago Q1

SJR: 11.902

CiteScore: 61.1

Impact factor: 44.7

ISSN: 00368075, 10959203

DOI: 10.1126/science.1145002

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PubMed ID: 17615303

Multidisciplinary

Abstract

Current single-molecule detection techniques require labeling the target molecule. We report a highly specific and sensitive optical sensor based on an ultrahigh quality (Q) factor (Q > 108) whispering-gallery microcavity. The silica surface is functionalized to bind the target molecule; binding is detected by a resonant wavelength shift. Single-molecule detection is confirmed by observation of single-molecule binding events that shift the resonant frequency, as well as by the statistics for these shifts over many binding events. These shifts result from a thermo-optic mechanism. Additionally, label-free, single-molecule detection of interleukin-2 was demonstrated in serum. These experiments demonstrate a dynamic range of 1012 in concentration, establishing the microcavity as a sensitive and versatile detector.

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