Open Access
Science, volume 281, issue 5385, pages 2013-2016
Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 1998-09-25
Multidisciplinary
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals were prepared for use as fluorescent probes in biological staining and diagnostics. Compared with conventional fluorophores, the nanocrystals have a narrow, tunable, symmetric emission spectrum and are photochemically stable. The advantages of the broad, continuous excitation spectrum were demonstrated in a dual-emission, single-excitation labeling experiment on mouse fibroblasts. These nanocrystal probes are thus complementary and in some cases may be superior to existing fluorophores.
Top-30
Citations by journals
|
50
100
150
200
250
|
|
|
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
236 publications, 3.13%
|
|
|
Journal of the American Chemical Society
232 publications, 3.08%
|
|
|
Langmuir
142 publications, 1.88%
|
|
|
Nano Letters
134 publications, 1.78%
|
|
|
Chemistry of Materials
133 publications, 1.76%
|
|
|
Nanotechnology
127 publications, 1.69%
|
|
|
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
115 publications, 1.53%
|
|
|
Journal of Physical Chemistry B
114 publications, 1.51%
|
|
|
Analytical Chemistry
107 publications, 1.42%
|
|
|
Chemical Communications
105 publications, 1.39%
|
|
|
ACS Nano
95 publications, 1.26%
|
|
|
RSC Advances
95 publications, 1.26%
|
|
|
Nanoscale
91 publications, 1.21%
|
|
|
Journal of Luminescence
89 publications, 1.18%
|
|
|
Small
86 publications, 1.14%
|
|
|
Advanced Materials
75 publications, 1%
|
|
|
Angewandte Chemie
72 publications, 0.96%
|
|
|
Angewandte Chemie - International Edition
71 publications, 0.94%
|
|
|
Analytica Chimica Acta
70 publications, 0.93%
|
|
|
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
69 publications, 0.92%
|
|
|
Physical Review B
66 publications, 0.88%
|
|
|
Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
64 publications, 0.85%
|
|
|
Biosensors and Bioelectronics
62 publications, 0.82%
|
|
|
Applied Physics Letters
61 publications, 0.81%
|
|
|
Journal of Nanoparticle Research
61 publications, 0.81%
|
|
|
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
51 publications, 0.68%
|
|
|
Materials Letters
50 publications, 0.66%
|
|
|
MRS Proceedings
48 publications, 0.64%
|
|
|
ACS applied materials & interfaces
48 publications, 0.64%
|
|
|
50
100
150
200
250
|
Citations by publishers
|
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
|
|
|
Elsevier
1653 publications, 21.93%
|
|
|
American Chemical Society (ACS)
1504 publications, 19.96%
|
|
|
Wiley
827 publications, 10.97%
|
|
|
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
760 publications, 10.08%
|
|
|
Springer Nature
749 publications, 9.94%
|
|
|
IOP Publishing
222 publications, 2.95%
|
|
|
Taylor & Francis
148 publications, 1.96%
|
|
|
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
142 publications, 1.88%
|
|
|
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
111 publications, 1.47%
|
|
|
American Physical Society (APS)
83 publications, 1.1%
|
|
|
Materials Research Society
49 publications, 0.65%
|
|
|
IEEE
49 publications, 0.65%
|
|
|
Hindawi Limited
48 publications, 0.64%
|
|
|
SPIE
42 publications, 0.56%
|
|
|
Pleiades Publishing
41 publications, 0.54%
|
|
|
Trans Tech Publications
38 publications, 0.5%
|
|
|
World Scientific
35 publications, 0.46%
|
|
|
SAGE
31 publications, 0.41%
|
|
|
Optical Society of America
31 publications, 0.41%
|
|
|
Future Medicine
27 publications, 0.36%
|
|
|
The Chemical Society of Japan
25 publications, 0.33%
|
|
|
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)
21 publications, 0.28%
|
|
|
Walter de Gruyter
18 publications, 0.24%
|
|
|
Cambridge University Press
16 publications, 0.21%
|
|
|
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
16 publications, 0.21%
|
|
|
Frontiers Media S.A.
15 publications, 0.2%
|
|
|
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
15 publications, 0.2%
|
|
|
Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
13 publications, 0.17%
|
|
|
Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry
12 publications, 0.16%
|
|
|
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
|
- We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.
{"yearsCitations":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"ids":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""],"datasets":[{"label":"Citations number","data":[1,19,65,86,134,179,189,346,393,412,487,534,489,565,529,477,430,370,311,303,263,225,180,174,137,110,77,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":["0.01","0.25","0.86","1.14","1.78","2.38","2.51","4.59","5.21","5.47","6.46","7.09","6.49","7.5","7.02","6.33","5.71","4.91","4.13","4.02","3.49","2.99","2.39","2.31","1.82","1.46","1.02","0.01"],"barThickness":null}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"journals":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Journal of Physical Chemistry C","Journal of the American Chemical Society","Langmuir","Nano Letters","Chemistry of Materials","Nanotechnology","Journal of Materials Chemistry A","Journal of Physical Chemistry B","Analytical Chemistry","Chemical Communications","ACS Nano","RSC Advances","Nanoscale","Journal of Luminescence","Small","Advanced Materials","Angewandte Chemie","Angewandte Chemie - International Edition","Analytica Chimica Acta","Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","Physical Review B","Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","Biosensors and Bioelectronics","Applied Physics Letters","Journal of Nanoparticle Research","Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","Materials Letters","MRS Proceedings","ACS applied materials & interfaces"],"ids":[8859,4813,19601,10312,6428,16187,14919,14990,18157,9073,8724,3100,228,7075,9872,25159,25450,19215,19094,24202,25280,6337,18799,4202,546,1773,548,25324,1458],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/nrK64iXHTzj43wMrfN1ZoUQ0vanswGzWPN45K3jA_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ARM4e6URKRsbRZvIF0vFis9DjxGloBjnBYJXbHmZ_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/uIgdLKrr5j2RcUZqeCI5v4KcXsLbz9m8NVJHai5O_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[236,232,142,134,133,127,115,114,107,105,95,95,91,89,86,75,72,71,70,69,66,64,62,61,61,51,50,48,48],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[3.13,3.08,1.88,1.78,1.76,1.69,1.53,1.51,1.42,1.39,1.26,1.26,1.21,1.18,1.14,1,0.96,0.94,0.93,0.92,0.88,0.85,0.82,0.81,0.81,0.68,0.66,0.64,0.64],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Journals","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"publishers":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Elsevier","American Chemical Society (ACS)","Wiley","Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","Springer Nature","IOP Publishing","Taylor & Francis","American Institute of Physics (AIP)","Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","American Physical Society (APS)","Materials Research Society","IEEE","Hindawi Limited","SPIE","Pleiades Publishing","Trans Tech Publications","World Scientific","SAGE","Optical Society of America","Future Medicine","The Chemical Society of Japan","Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)","Walter de Gruyter","Cambridge University Press","American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","Frontiers Media S.A.","Public Library of Science (PLoS)","Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry"],"ids":[17,40,11,123,8,2075,18,250,202,1539,6898,6953,6921,7162,101,104,23,31,375,6949,6950,162,4,1,189,208,344,117,1070],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/5YZtvLvkPZuc2JHOaZsjCvGSHFCuC3drUwN3YAc5_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ARM4e6URKRsbRZvIF0vFis9DjxGloBjnBYJXbHmZ_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/nrK64iXHTzj43wMrfN1ZoUQ0vanswGzWPN45K3jA_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/uIgdLKrr5j2RcUZqeCI5v4KcXsLbz9m8NVJHai5O_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/6scCJegesojp2jubwY3uKCzTAmgsaH2GIFlg6Hfk_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/hqfzhQAjTGlNSRs6yzFNITgjSMm9Jr2QuotJHIvE_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/DBpVkewJngs3BK2gVqHayOcCZf2Czbxddw6ObU26_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/oZgeErrVFhuDksyqFURLvYS1wtVSBWczh001igGo_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/lZMRu5MhhE0HtEBGlENti9uMMEivcrzFOV6rqpGN_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/jZQkhOOcY9wrGwZm7XGRwMe8H7fThQu3KamISuun_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ruydfaB80LDjlkYqsfOeUAZohOIODyq7bQzis5O7_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bypZPcr6C4twKiQVCUCGc0GF4cH6aUWmpClD3hsH_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/AN2jnDN59NmKaS4CWLHAGstADL2DbnatQScsFA6C_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ktSZPrGjOMvauY6mn7jk8bqo3Af0S6abv653w90B_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/mxFdPe9qujsfvfYfcN0QOclAiYORFb0xrRlwV8gs_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/3SpVxcYL33bOvPq4sHxJLH2NeKNeDloahSUpNiO4_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/cF81zWlLdkmYekymGuDcSdvgBGNKaIDoMoeJtHS1_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/s10mcsCV4OAUg9O2KrqOquQC0PhyLMI8hUUkuflM_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/4QWA67eqfcfyOiA8Wk7YnqroHFqQbTsmDJUYTCTg_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/PRGhlgB4OKRltSNtT39eA6wlnOTGRap1QQ6FQHih_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/aK6yGjkv01aMMh16lIwFe0Z7wTx4ksfzsYuogiOY_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MriDiasGda8aAymM983PIz18dzVMXwO888XReHom_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[1653,1504,827,760,749,222,148,142,111,83,49,49,48,42,41,38,35,31,31,27,25,21,18,16,16,15,15,13,12],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[21.93,19.96,10.97,10.08,9.94,2.95,1.96,1.88,1.47,1.1,0.65,0.65,0.64,0.56,0.54,0.5,0.46,0.41,0.41,0.36,0.33,0.28,0.24,0.21,0.21,0.2,0.2,0.17,0.16],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Publishers","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartiles":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,0,0,0,0,4,1,1,6,3,6,5,7,8,7,4,7,8,8,5,6,4,2,2,2,1,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0","0","0.05","0.01","0.01","0.08","0.04","0.08","0.07","0.09","0.11","0.09","0.05","0.09","0.11","0.11","0.07","0.08","0.05","0.03","0.03","0.03","0.01","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,0,2,3,6,6,11,10,15,23,25,27,23,30,26,24,24,23,23,7,18,10,13,7,8,3,1,0],"percentage":["0","0","0.03","0.04","0.08","0.08","0.15","0.13","0.2","0.31","0.33","0.36","0.31","0.4","0.35","0.32","0.32","0.31","0.31","0.09","0.24","0.13","0.17","0.09","0.11","0.04","0.01","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[0,3,8,7,15,20,21,61,74,74,79,82,78,101,110,106,122,99,61,70,54,61,37,33,24,18,10,1],"percentage":["0","0.04","0.11","0.09","0.2","0.27","0.28","0.81","0.98","0.98","1.05","1.09","1.04","1.34","1.46","1.41","1.62","1.31","0.81","0.93","0.72","0.81","0.49","0.44","0.32","0.24","0.13","0.01"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[1,13,45,59,109,115,140,248,257,279,330,350,315,351,315,290,213,192,168,160,142,130,92,94,72,54,46,0],"percentage":["0.01","0.17","0.6","0.78","1.45","1.53","1.86","3.29","3.41","3.7","4.38","4.64","4.18","4.66","4.18","3.85","2.83","2.55","2.23","2.12","1.88","1.73","1.22","1.25","0.96","0.72","0.61","0"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,3,10,17,4,34,16,26,41,33,47,70,66,75,71,53,64,48,51,61,43,20,36,38,31,34,20,0],"percentage":["0","0.04","0.13","0.23","0.05","0.45","0.21","0.35","0.54","0.44","0.62","0.93","0.88","1","0.94","0.7","0.85","0.64","0.68","0.81","0.57","0.27","0.48","0.5","0.41","0.45","0.27","0"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by SCImago per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartilesWs":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,0,1,2,4,3,8,10,10,14,17,13,17,19,15,15,12,9,15,8,11,9,7,3,5,0,1,0],"percentage":["0","0","0.01","0.03","0.05","0.04","0.11","0.13","0.13","0.19","0.23","0.17","0.23","0.25","0.2","0.2","0.16","0.12","0.2","0.11","0.15","0.12","0.09","0.04","0.07","0","0.01","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,2,5,10,15,15,29,54,48,39,38,32,32,36,33,45,37,38,20,18,23,22,18,15,6,4,1,0],"percentage":["0","0.03","0.07","0.13","0.2","0.2","0.38","0.72","0.64","0.52","0.5","0.42","0.42","0.48","0.44","0.6","0.49","0.5","0.27","0.24","0.31","0.29","0.24","0.2","0.08","0.05","0.01","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[0,4,16,21,40,31,41,91,146,165,173,189,153,170,144,150,142,121,82,85,66,60,34,38,34,16,14,0],"percentage":["0","0.05","0.21","0.28","0.53","0.41","0.54","1.21","1.94","2.19","2.3","2.51","2.03","2.26","1.91","1.99","1.88","1.61","1.09","1.13","0.88","0.8","0.45","0.5","0.45","0.21","0.19","0"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[1,9,32,32,69,91,91,154,135,147,195,208,203,238,233,200,154,138,124,123,103,105,75,69,52,52,38,1],"percentage":["0.01","0.12","0.42","0.42","0.92","1.21","1.21","2.04","1.79","1.95","2.59","2.76","2.69","3.16","3.09","2.65","2.04","1.83","1.65","1.63","1.37","1.39","1","0.92","0.69","0.69","0.5","0.01"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,4,11,21,6,39,20,37,54,47,64,92,84,102,104,67,85,64,70,69,60,29,46,49,40,38,23,0],"percentage":["0","0.05","0.15","0.28","0.08","0.52","0.27","0.49","0.72","0.62","0.85","1.22","1.11","1.35","1.38","0.89","1.13","0.85","0.93","0.92","0.8","0.38","0.61","0.65","0.53","0.5","0.31","0"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by WoS per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}}}
Are you a researcher?
Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.
Metrics
Cite this
GOST |
RIS |
BibTex |
MLA
Cite this
GOST
Copy
Bruchez M. et al. Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels // Science. 1998. Vol. 281. No. 5385. pp. 2013-2016.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
Copy
Bruchez M., Moronne M., Gin P., Weiss S., Alivisatos A. P. Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels // Science. 1998. Vol. 281. No. 5385. pp. 2013-2016.
Cite this
RIS
Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1126/science.281.5385.2013
UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5385.2013
TI - Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels
T2 - Science
AU - Bruchez, Marcel
AU - Moronne, Mario
AU - Gin, Peter
AU - Weiss, Shimon
AU - Alivisatos, A. Paul
PY - 1998
DA - 1998/09/25 00:00:00
PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
SP - 2013-2016
IS - 5385
VL - 281
SN - 0036-8075
SN - 1095-9203
ER -
Cite this
BibTex
Copy
@article{1998_Bruchez,
author = {Marcel Bruchez and Mario Moronne and Peter Gin and Shimon Weiss and A. Paul Alivisatos},
title = {Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels},
journal = {Science},
year = {1998},
volume = {281},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
month = {sep},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5385.2013},
number = {5385},
pages = {2013--2016},
doi = {10.1126/science.281.5385.2013}
}
Cite this
MLA
Copy
Bruchez, Marcel, et al. “Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels.” Science, vol. 281, no. 5385, Sep. 1998, pp. 2013-2016. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5385.2013.