The Cyclotron and Its Modeling

The review is devoted to accelerators of the cyclotron type. Systematization of cyclotrons and description of their basic structural units are presented, and theoretical basics of cyclotron physics are given. The numerical modeling techniques used to design cyclotrons are described, which include the methods for beam dynamics analysis and the algorithms applied for their software implementation. A survey of existing program codes intended for the analysis of particle dynamics in cyclotron facilities is presented.