Winter CO2 Fluxes in Ecosystems of Central Siberia: Comparative Estimates Using Three Different Approaches

Winter CO2 fluxes in Central Siberian ecosystems have been measured using different methodological approaches: dynamic chamber measurements at the soil surface under snowpack (Fsoil) and at the upper snowpack surface (Fsnow), static estimates based on measured CO2 concentrations and conductance properties of the snowpack (Fdiff), and calculations of CO2 efflux rates based on the eddy covariance technique (Fec). The results of measurements are analyzed and discussed with respect to the significance of differences between them and the applicability and limitations of the corresponding methods. The data are presented on winter CO2 efflux rates in five major ecosystem types of Central Siberia: lichen pine forest, lichen–moss pine forest, mixed forest, dark conifer forest, and raised pine bog.