A Complex Approach to Noninvasive Estimation of Microcirculatory Tissue Impairments in Feet of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus using Spectroscopy

The possibility of a complex approach for studying changes in the system of blood microcirculation and metabolic processes in the biotissue of lower extremities using optical noninvasive methods of laser doppler flowmetry (LDF), fluorescence spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in combination with different modes of heating tests has been assessed. Seventy-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with 14 patients having visible trophic foot impairments, and 48 healthy volunteers have been examined. The parameters of LDF signals and spectra of fluorescence intensity and diffuse reflectance for foot skin have been analyzed. Statistically significant differences in the recorded parameters between the groups under study have been found. It has been concluded that combined application of noninvasive methods of spectroscopy could be used for diagnostics of complications both upon the occurrence of preliminary symptoms of diabetes, when pathological changes are still reversible, and in the presence of impairments to prevent aggravation of the disease and select an adequate correction of the treatment.