Supercritical Carbon Dioxide—A Powerful Tool for Green Biomaterial Chemistry

Abstract—The key aspects of the modification of biocompatible materials in a medium of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO2) and the main trends in the application of the described method to the fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds, sterilization of medical devices, decellularization of mammalian tissues, and impregnation of materials with biologically active molecules are described. Due to the nondestructive action of the medium of SC–CO2 on the architectonics of an extracellular matrix, the preservation of the mechanical properties and structure of the materials being treated, and an absence of the need for the postprocessing and purification of the formed matrices, the presented method can be considered as a versatile approach to the solution of urgent problems in biomedical materials science.