Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, volume 90, issue 8, pages 1029-1059

Adipokines and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms mediating health and disease

Josette M. Northcott 1, 2
Azadeh Yeganeh 3, 4
Carla G. Taylor 3, 4, 5
Peter Zahradka 3, 4, 5
Jeffrey T. Wigle 1, 2
2
 
Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
4
 
Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Publication typeJournal Article
Publication date2012-07-23
scimago Q3
SJR0.499
CiteScore4.0
Impact factor1.7
ISSN00084212, 12057541
PubMed ID:  22646022
General Medicine
Pharmacology
Physiology
Physiology (medical)
Abstract

This review focuses on the role of adipokines in the maintenance of a healthy cardiovascular system, and the mechanisms by which these factors mediate the development of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Adipocytes are the major cell type comprising the adipose tissue. These cells secrete numerous factors, termed adipokines, into the blood, including adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, omentin, vaspin, and visfatin. Adipose tissue is a highly vascularised endocrine organ, and different adipose depots have distinct adipokine secretion profiles, which are altered with obesity. The ability of many adipokines to stimulate angiogenesis is crucial for adipose tissue expansion; however, excessive blood vessel growth is deleterious. As well, some adipokines induce inflammation, which promotes cardiovascular disease progression. We discuss how these 7 aforementioned adipokines act upon the various cardiovascular cell types (endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, cardiomyocytes, and cardiac fibroblasts), the direct effects of these actions, and their overall impact on the cardiovascular system. These were chosen, as these adipokines are secreted predominantly from adipocytes and have known effects on cardiovascular cells.

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