Review—Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Field-Effect-Transistor Biosensors: A Review on Biosensor Designing Strategy

Biosensors for quick diagnosis and in situ monitoring are increasingly needed in health care. Field-effect transistor (FET) based biosensors have attracted much attention due to their high sensitivity and compatibility with point-of-care applications. As the most important 2D material, graphene has been investigated intensively as a channel material for transistor-based sensors due to its easily enhanced selectivity by rather simple functionalization. However, in order to realize its practical applications, challenges still remain, such as device stability and reproducibility. Here, we review recent progress in the general design strategy of high-performance graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors with emphasis on the device physics, defects, Debye screening, and functionalization. Finally, both current applications and perspectives on future development are given.