Advancement of nanofiller reinforced fused filament fabrication polymers: A path to sustainable, weather-resistant 3D printing materials

Recent studies have focused on developing new materials capable of withstanding diverse environmental or weathering conditions, including sunlight, temperature, moisture, and chemicals, for various outdoor applications. Nowadays, nanotechnological advancements have opened possibilities for the development of polymer nanocomposites, which exhibit superior mechanical and weathering properties over traditional materials. However, there is limited literature available that summarizes the improvements in the mechanical and weathering properties of nanocomposites specifically for FFF. This paper provides a concise review of composite material development through the incorporation of nanofillers (NFs) to enhance product strength and durability. The primary focus is on examining the effect of the inorganic nanofillers, especially metal oxides NFs (TiO₂, ZnO, SiO₂), on the mechanical and weathering properties of the polymers in different manufacturing processes. Paper also covered the challenges and opportunities along with the applications of metal oxide-based polymer nanocomposites for outdoor use.