From Hobbits to Harry Potter: A Psychological Perspective on Fantasy

Human beings are generally captivated by fantasy—a distinct form of fiction—but there has been relatively little research in the behavioral sciences specifically on this subject (as defined in this article). This article integrates research from different areas of psychology and the humanities to provide a theoretical and methodological foundation from which behavioral scientists can conduct systematic empirical investigations of the relationship between fantasy and diverse psychological phenomena. First, this article establishes a working definition of fantasy, differentiating fantasy from other types of fiction (e.g., horror, science-fiction) and magical thinking/beliefs (e.g., superstition, religion). Second, we review the cognitive bases for creating and engaging with fantasy. Third, we discuss extant research on fantasy in multiple areas of psychology (e.g., learning, clinical/counseling, creativity, terror management) using both child and adult samples, while reviewing key individual differences in fantasy orientation (e.g., fantasy proneness, absorption) and highlighting gaps that require more empirical research. This review illustrates that it is worthwhile to expand research efforts on this construct throughout the behavioral sciences.