Late effects of the treatment of childhood cancer

Excellent progress has been made in the last few decades in the cure rates of pediatric malignancies, with more than 80% of children with cancer who have access to contemporary treatment being cured. However, the therapies responsible for this survival can also produce adverse physical and psychological long-term outcomes, referred to as late effects, which appear months to years after the completion of cancer treatment. Research has shown that 60% to 90% of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) develop one or more chronic health conditions, and 20% to 80% of survivors experience severe or life-threatening complications during adulthood. Therefore, understanding the late side effects of such treatments is important to improve the health and quality of life of the growing population of CCSs.