Frequency-bin quantum information

Hsuan-Hao Lu ¹

Marco Liscidini ²

Alexander Gaeta ³

Andrew Weiner ⁴

Joseph M. Lukens ¹

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Oak Ridge National laboratory |

Università di Pavia |

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY |

⁴

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2023-12-14

Optica Publishing Group

Journal: Optica

scimago Q1

SJR: 3.549

CiteScore: 19.7

Impact factor: 8.4

ISSN: 23342536

DOI: 10.1364/optica.506096

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Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Abstract

Discrete frequency modes, or bins, present a blend of opportunities and challenges for photonic quantum information processing. Frequency-bin-encoded photons are readily generated by integrated quantum light sources, naturally high-dimensional, stable in optical fiber, and massively parallelizable in a single spatial mode. Yet quantum operations on frequency-bin states require coherent and controllable multifrequency interference, making them significantly more challenging to manipulate than more traditional spatial degrees of freedom. In this mini-review, we describe recent developments that have transformed these challenges and propelled frequency bins forward. Focusing on sources, manipulation schemes, and detection approaches, we introduce the basics of frequency-bin encoding, summarize the state of the art, and speculate on the field’s next phases. Given the combined progress in integrated photonics, high-fidelity quantum gates, and proof-of-principle demonstrations, frequency-bin quantum information is poised to emerge from the lab and leave its mark on practical quantum information processing—particularly in networking where frequency bins offer unique tools for multiplexing, interconnects, and high-dimensional communications.

Found

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