The significance of the failed historical foundation of linear non-threshold model for cancer risk assessment

The linear non-threshold (LNT) single-hit (SH) dose response model for cancer risk assessment is assessed with respect to its historical foundations. This paper examines and summarises how mistakes, ideological biases, and scientific misconduct by key scientists affected the acceptance, validity, and application of the LNT single-hit model for cancer risk assessment. This analysis concludes that the LNT single-hit model was inappropriately adopted for governmental risk assessment, regulatory policy and practices, and for risk communication.