Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

, volume 71 , issue 12 , pages 459-465

Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death — United States, March 2021–January 2022

Mark W. Tenforde ^{1, 2, 3}

Wesley H. Self ^{1, 2, 3}

Manjusha Gaglani ^{1, 2, 3}

Adit A. Ginde ^{1, 2, 3}

David J. Douin ^{1, 2, 3}

H Keipp Talbot ^{1, 2, 3}

Jonathan Casey ^{1, 2, 3}

Nicholas Mohr ^{1, 2, 3}

Anne Zepeski ^{1, 2, 3}

Tresa M Mcneal ^{1, 2, 3}

Shekhar Ghamande ^{1, 2, 3}

Kevin Gibbs ^{1, 2, 3}

D. Clark Files ^{1, 2, 3}

David N. Hager ^{1, 2, 3}

Arber Shehu ^{1, 2, 3}

Matthew E. Prekker ^{1, 2, 3}

Anne E.P. Frosch ^{1, 2, 3}

Michelle N. Gong ^{1, 2, 3}

Amira Mohamed ^{1, 2, 3}

Nicholas J. Johnson ^{1, 2, 3}

Vasisht Srinivasan ^{1, 2, 3}

Jay S. Steingrub ^{1, 2, 3}

Ithan Peltan ^{1, 2, 3}

Samuel Horton Brown ^{1, 2, 3}

Emily Martin ^{1, 2, 3}

Arnold S. Monto ^{1, 2, 3}

Akram Khan ^{1, 2, 3}

Catherine L. Hough ^{1, 2, 3}

Laurence W. Busse ^{1, 2, 3}

Abhijit Duggal ^{1, 2, 3}

Jennifer G. Wilson ^{1, 2, 3}

Nida Qadir ^{1, 2, 3}

Steven Y. Chang ^{1, 2, 3}

Christopher Mallow ^{1, 2, 3}

Carolina Rivas ^{1, 2, 3}

Hilary M. Babcock ^{1, 2, 3}

Jennie H Kwon ^{1, 2, 3}

Matthew C. Exline ^{1, 2, 3}

Mena Botros ^{1, 2, 3}

Adam S. Lauring ^{1, 2, 3}

Nathan I. Shapiro ^{1, 2, 3}

Natasha Halasa ^{1, 2, 3}

James D. Chappell ^{1, 2, 3}

Carlos G. Grijalva ^{1, 2, 3}

Todd W. Rice ^{1, 2, 3}

Ian D Jones ^{1, 2, 3}

William B. Stubblefield ^{1, 2, 3}

Adrienne Baughman ^{1, 2, 3}

Kelsey N Womack ^{1, 2, 3}

Jillian P Rhoads ^{1, 2, 3}

C. Lindsell ^{1, 2, 3}

Kimberly W. Hart ^{1, 2, 3}

Yuwei Zhu ^{1, 2, 3}

Katherine Adams ^{1, 2, 3}

Diya Surie ^{1, 2, 3}

Meredith L. McMorrow ^{1, 2, 3}

Manish M Patel ^{1, 2, 3}

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 3 affiliations

Hospitals

Baylor Scott & White Health (Temple, Texas), University of Iowa Hospitals (Iowa City, Iowa), University of Michigan Hospital (Ann Arbor, Michigan), Hennepin County Medical Center (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, Missouri), Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (Columbus, Ohio), Stanford University Medical Center (Stanford, California), UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles, California), UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital (Aurora, Colorado), Oregon Health & Science University Hospital (Portland, Oregon), Intermountain Medical Center (Murray, Utah), and University of Washington (Seattle, Washington

Stanford University

Oregon Health & Science University

University of Washington

Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center

University of Michigan

Cleveland Clinic

University of Colorado Hospital

University of Colorado Health

University of Iowa Health Care

Baystate Medical Center (Springfield, Massachusetts), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, Massachusetts), Montefiore Medical Center (Bronx, New York), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, Tennessee), University of Miami Medical Center (Miami, Florida), Emory University Medical Center (Atlanta, Georgia), Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Maryland), Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center (Winston-Salem, North Carolina),

Johns Hopkins University

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Emory University

University of Miami

Wake Forest University

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2022-03-25

Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

scimago Q1

wos Q1

SJR: 9.559

CiteScore: 39.4

Impact factor: 17.3

ISSN: 01492195, 1545861X

DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7112e1

Copy DOI

PubMed ID: 35324878

General Medicine

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

Epidemiology

Health (social science)

Health Information Management

Abstract

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] and mRNA-1273 [Moderna]) are effective at preventing COVID-19-associated hospitalization (1-3). However, how well mRNA vaccines protect against the most severe outcomes of these hospitalizations, including invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death is uncertain. Using a case-control design, mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-associated IMV and in-hospital death was evaluated among adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized at 21 U.S. medical centers during March 11, 2021-January 24, 2022. During this period, the most commonly circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, were B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Previous vaccination (2 or 3 versus 0 vaccine doses before illness onset) in prospectively enrolled COVID-19 case-patients who received IMV or died within 28 days of hospitalization was compared with that among hospitalized control patients without COVID-19. Among 1,440 COVID-19 case-patients who received IMV or died, 307 (21%) had received 2 or 3 vaccine doses before illness onset. Among 6,104 control-patients, 4,020 (66%) had received 2 or 3 vaccine doses. Among the 1,440 case-patients who received IMV or died, those who were vaccinated were older (median age = 69 years), more likely to be immunocompromised* (40%), and had more chronic medical conditions compared with unvaccinated case-patients (median age = 55 years; immunocompromised = 10%; p<0.001 for both). VE against IMV or in-hospital death was 90% (95% CI = 88%-91%) overall, including 88% (95% CI = 86%-90%) for 2 doses and 94% (95% CI = 91%-96%) for 3 doses, and 94% (95% CI = 88%-97%) for 3 doses during the Omicron-predominant period. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are highly effective in preventing COVID-19-associated death and respiratory failure treated with IMV. CDC recommends that all persons eligible for vaccination get vaccinated and stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination (4).

Found

1 citation

Zeb Falak

🥼 🤝

PhD in Health sciences, senior lecturer, associate member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea

29 publications, 688 citations

h-index: 14

University of Sharjah

Phytonutrients and functional foods

Top-30

Journals

	2 4 6 8 10
Vaccines	Vaccines, 10, 6.8% Vaccines 10 publications, 6.8%
JAMA network open	JAMA network open, 7, 4.76% JAMA network open 7 publications, 4.76%
PLoS ONE	PLoS ONE, 5, 3.4% PLoS ONE 5 publications, 3.4%
Clinical Infectious Diseases	Clinical Infectious Diseases, 5, 3.4% Clinical Infectious Diseases 5 publications, 3.4%
Frontiers in Immunology	Frontiers in Immunology, 4, 2.72% Frontiers in Immunology 4 publications, 2.72%
Frontiers in Public Health	Frontiers in Public Health, 4, 2.72% Frontiers in Public Health 4 publications, 2.72%
Vaccine	Vaccine, 4, 2.72% Vaccine 4 publications, 2.72%
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report	Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 4, 2.72% Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 4 publications, 2.72%
Open Forum Infectious Diseases	Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 3, 2.04% Open Forum Infectious Diseases 3 publications, 2.04%
Journal of Infectious Diseases	Journal of Infectious Diseases, 3, 2.04% Journal of Infectious Diseases 3 publications, 2.04%
Frontiers in Medicine	Frontiers in Medicine, 2, 1.36% Frontiers in Medicine 2 publications, 1.36%
Nature Communications	Nature Communications, 2, 1.36% Nature Communications 2 publications, 1.36%
Pathogens	Pathogens, 2, 1.36% Pathogens 2 publications, 1.36%
American Journal of Infection Control	American Journal of Infection Control, 2, 1.36% American Journal of Infection Control 2 publications, 1.36%
The Lancet Infectious Diseases	The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2, 1.36% The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2 publications, 1.36%
International Journal of Infectious Diseases	International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2, 1.36% International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2 publications, 1.36%
Healthcare	Healthcare, 2, 1.36% Healthcare 2 publications, 1.36%
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy	Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 2, 1.36% Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 2 publications, 1.36%
Emerging Microbes & Infections	Emerging Microbes & Infections, 1, 0.68% Emerging Microbes & Infections 1 publication, 0.68%
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 1, 0.68% International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 1 publication, 0.68%
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine	Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 1, 0.68% Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 1 publication, 0.68%
Infectious Disease Reports	Infectious Disease Reports, 1, 0.68% Infectious Disease Reports 1 publication, 0.68%
Die Gynäkologie	Die Gynäkologie, 1, 0.68% Die Gynäkologie 1 publication, 0.68%
Journal of Clinical Immunology	Journal of Clinical Immunology, 1, 0.68% Journal of Clinical Immunology 1 publication, 0.68%
Engineering with Computers	Engineering with Computers, 1, 0.68% Engineering with Computers 1 publication, 0.68%
European Journal of Radiology Open	European Journal of Radiology Open, 1, 0.68% European Journal of Radiology Open 1 publication, 0.68%
The Lancet	The Lancet, 1, 0.68% The Lancet 1 publication, 0.68%
The Lancet Rheumatology	The Lancet Rheumatology, 1, 0.68% The Lancet Rheumatology 1 publication, 0.68%
Journal of Intensive Medicine	Journal of Intensive Medicine, 1, 0.68% Journal of Intensive Medicine 1 publication, 0.68%
	2 4 6 8 10

Publishers

	5 10 15 20 25 30
Elsevier	Elsevier, 29, 19.73% Elsevier 29 publications, 19.73%
MDPI	MDPI, 18, 12.24% MDPI 18 publications, 12.24%
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 14, 9.52% Springer Nature 14 publications, 9.52%
Oxford University Press	Oxford University Press, 14, 9.52% Oxford University Press 14 publications, 9.52%
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 13, 8.84% Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 13 publications, 8.84%
Frontiers Media S.A.	Frontiers Media S.A., 11, 7.48% Frontiers Media S.A. 11 publications, 7.48%
American Medical Association (AMA)	American Medical Association (AMA), 7, 4.76% American Medical Association (AMA) 7 publications, 4.76%
Public Library of Science (PLoS)	Public Library of Science (PLoS), 6, 4.08% Public Library of Science (PLoS) 6 publications, 4.08%
Wiley	Wiley, 5, 3.4% Wiley 5 publications, 3.4%
Taylor & Francis	Taylor & Francis, 4, 2.72% Taylor & Francis 4 publications, 2.72%
Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office	Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office, 3, 2.04% Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office 3 publications, 2.04%
BMJ	BMJ, 3, 2.04% BMJ 3 publications, 2.04%
JMIR Publications	JMIR Publications, 3, 2.04% JMIR Publications 3 publications, 2.04%
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)	American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2, 1.36% American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2 publications, 1.36%
American Society for Microbiology	American Society for Microbiology, 2, 1.36% American Society for Microbiology 2 publications, 1.36%
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2, 1.36% Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2 publications, 1.36%
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)	Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), 1, 0.68% Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) 1 publication, 0.68%
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)	Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 1, 0.68% Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) 1 publication, 0.68%
Cambridge University Press	Cambridge University Press, 1, 0.68% Cambridge University Press 1 publication, 0.68%
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 1, 0.68% Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) 1 publication, 0.68%
Health Affairs (Project Hope)	Health Affairs (Project Hope), 1, 0.68% Health Affairs (Project Hope) 1 publication, 0.68%
SAGE	SAGE, 1, 0.68% SAGE 1 publication, 0.68%
American Public Health Association	American Public Health Association, 1, 0.68% American Public Health Association 1 publication, 0.68%
European Respiratory Society (ERS)	European Respiratory Society (ERS), 1, 0.68% European Respiratory Society (ERS) 1 publication, 0.68%
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1, 0.68% American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1 publication, 0.68%
Massachusetts Medical Society	Massachusetts Medical Society, 1, 0.68% Massachusetts Medical Society 1 publication, 0.68%
	5 10 15 20 25 30

We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
Statistics recalculated weekly.

Are you a researcher?

Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.

Metrics

148

Cite this

GOST |

Cite this

GOST Copy

Tenforde M. W. et al. Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death — United States, March 2021–January 2022 // Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2022. Vol. 71. No. 12. pp. 459-465.

GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy

RIS |

Cite this

RIS

BibTex |

Cite this

BibTex (up to 50 authors) Copy

@article{2022_Tenforde,

author = {Mark W. Tenforde and Wesley H. Self and Manjusha Gaglani and Adit A. Ginde and David J. Douin and H Keipp Talbot and Jonathan Casey and Nicholas Mohr and Anne Zepeski and Tresa M Mcneal and Shekhar Ghamande and Kevin Gibbs and D. Clark Files and David N. Hager and Arber Shehu and Matthew E. Prekker and Anne E.P. Frosch and Michelle N. Gong and Amira Mohamed and Nicholas J. Johnson and Vasisht Srinivasan and Jay S. Steingrub and Ithan Peltan and Samuel Horton Brown and Emily Martin and Arnold S. Monto and Akram Khan and Catherine L. Hough and Laurence W. Busse and Abhijit Duggal and Jennifer G. Wilson and Nida Qadir and Steven Y. Chang and Christopher Mallow and Carolina Rivas and Hilary M. Babcock and Jennie H Kwon and Matthew C. Exline and Mena Botros and Adam S. Lauring and Nathan I. Shapiro and Natasha Halasa and James D. Chappell and Carlos G. Grijalva and Todd W. Rice and Ian D Jones and William B. Stubblefield and Adrienne Baughman and Kelsey N Womack and Jillian P Rhoads and others},

title = {Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death — United States, March 2021–January 2022},

journal = {Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report},

year = {2022},

volume = {71},

publisher = {Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office},

month = {mar},

url = {http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7112e1.htm?s_cid=mm7112e1_w},

number = {12},

pages = {459--465},

doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm7112e1}

}

MLA

Cite this

MLA Copy

Tenforde, Mark W., et al. “Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death — United States, March 2021–January 2022.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 71, no. 12, Mar. 2022, pp. 459-465. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7112e1.htm?s_cid=mm7112e1_w.

Publisher

Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office

Journal

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

scimago Q1

wos Q1

SJR

9.559

CiteScore

39.4

Impact factor

17.3

ISSN

01492195 (Print)

1545861X (Electronic)

Profiles