Modification of ZSM-5 Zeolite in order to Improve the Yield of Light Olefins during Cracking of Oil and Plant Materials

The influence of modifying HZSM-5 zeolite as a component of a bizeolite catalyst in transformations of hydrotreated vacuum gasoil, plant oil, and a mixture of vacuum gasoil and plant oil was studied. The modification with phosphorus was established to decrease the specific surface area and meso- and macropore volumes in HZSM-5 zeolite; the higher phosphorus content, the lower main characteristics of the zeolite porous structure. A decrease in the total acidity of P/HZSM-5 and quantitative redistribution between weak and moderate acid sites also was observed. Testing of the zeolites in catalytic cracking revealed that the phosphorus modification favored an increase in the total yield of propane-propylene and butane-butylene fractions containing olefins in high proportions. Alkali treatment of HZSM-4 zeolite with a high silicate module resulted in a higher silicon extraction and in a considerable increase in the specific surface area of mesopores. In addition, strong acid sites of the zeolite were transformed to weaker ones and/or their exposure changed due to partial silicon removal.