Pharmacogenetics of acute coronary syndrome: the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (literature review)

   Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death both in Russia and throughout the world. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) develops during the coronary heart disease and represents a serious medical and social problem. The effectiveness and safety of pharmaco­therapy for ACS can be influenced by the individual genetic characteristics of the patient, primarily single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the primary DNA structure. The literature review contains information about the epidemiology of ACS, the nomenclature of SNPs, and the molecular basis of the influence of SNPs on physiological and pathological processes in the human body. The main groups of drugs used for ACS and the main functional groups of protein­coding genes, SNPs of which can modulate an individual’s response to pharmacother­apy, are listed in the review. SNPs of non­coding RNA genes have been characterized as promising objects of study. The review shows concept of multilevel regulation of the interaction between drug and human organism and the role of SNPs in that concept. Detection of SNPs is an important component of studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, since information about the patient’s genetic status is the basis for a personalized approach to pharmacotherapy.