A Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Hemabate in Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

To compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and midazolam in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) caused by hemabate in postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean delivery.One hundred and five parturients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I and II, aged 20-40 years, undergoing elective cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia were randomly allocated into dexmedetomidine group (group D, n=35), midazolam group (group M, n=35) and control group (group C, n=35). Patients received an intrauterine injection of 250 μg hemabate and continuous intravenous infusion of 5 units oxytocin immediately following the delivery of the infant. At the same time, patients in group D received 1μg/kg intravenous dexmedetomidine, group M received 0.02 mg/kg intravenous midazolam and group C received 20 mL intravenous saline. Parameters such as the PONV, other adverse reactions (chest distress, flush, etc.) caused by hemabate, patient satisfaction, the sedation (OAA/S) scores, and the hemodynamic parameters were recorded in both groups.The PONV incidence in group D and group M was significantly lower compared with group C (6%, 17%, and 71% for group D, group M, and group C, respectively, P<0.05). The sedation (OAA/S) scores in group D and group M was significantly higher compared with group C (1.62±0.28, 1.75±0.31, and 1.00±0.00 for group D, group M, and group C, respectively, P<0.05). The patient satisfaction in group D and group M was significantly higher compared with group C (94%, 69%, and 46% for group D, group M, and group C, respectively, P<0.05). Furthermore, there were more patients satisfied with group D than group M (94% vs.69%, P<0.05).Intravenous dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) and midazolam (0.02 mg/kg) were equally effective in preventing PONV introduced by hemabate and dexmedetomidine is superior to midazolam in patient satisfaction.